Ramsey A, Simpson E, Rivara F P
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
Pediatrics. 2000 Aug;106(2):E20. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.2.e20.
Many children 4 to 9 years old are inappropriately restrained in vehicles and are at risk for injury in crashes.
This study was undertaken to determine the rate of booster seat use and the reasons for nonuse.
Observations were conducted at a random sample of day care centers, and drivers of unrestrained children 4 to 8 years old were interviewed to determine the reasons for lack of booster seat use.
Observations were conducted on 149 children. Shoulder belt use significantly increased with the age of the child; 28.3% of 4-year-olds and 70.0% of 6- to 8-year-olds used lap-shoulder belts. Overall, 27.7% of children in the target age group used booster seats; only 10% of children 6 to 8 years old were restrained with booster seats. Booster seat use decreased when there were 3 or more passengers in the vehicle. The most common reason for lack of booster seat use was that parents thought the child was large enough to use the regular lap-shoulder belt system, or problems with attempting to use the seat in the vehicle. More than one half of parents who were not using booster seats at the time of the survey reported owning seats.
This study indicates that parental misconceptions about size and safety of regular restraint equipment are the most common reason that children are not appropriately restrained in vehicles. This information can be used to guide community intervention programs.
许多4至9岁的儿童在乘车时未得到适当约束，在车祸中面临受伤风险。
本研究旨在确定增高座椅的使用比例及不使用的原因。
在日托中心随机抽取样本进行观察，并对4至8岁未使用约束装置儿童的司机进行访谈，以确定不使用增高座椅的原因。
对149名儿童进行了观察。儿童使用肩部安全带的比例随年龄显著增加；4岁儿童中28.3%、6至8岁儿童中70.0%使用了肩腰安全带。总体而言，目标年龄组中27.7%的儿童使用了增高座椅；6至8岁儿童中只有10%使用增高座椅进行约束。当车内有3名或更多乘客时，增高座椅的使用比例下降。不使用增高座椅的最常见原因是父母认为孩子已足够大，可以使用常规的肩腰安全带系统，或者在车内使用座椅时存在问题。在调查时未使用增高座椅的父母中，超过一半报告家中有增高座椅。
本研究表明，父母对常规约束设备尺寸和安全性的误解是儿童在乘车时未得到适当约束的最常见原因。该信息可用于指导社区干预项目。
