Hobson D
Dev Biol Stand. 1975;28:285-94.
Assessment of influenza vaccines by serological conversion rates or by protection against artificial challenge in animals or man give only a preliminary and indirect guide to their expected efficiency in controlling the natural epidemic disease. Field trials are essential but demand careful advance planning and control before meaningful results can be obtained. This paper reviews critically the various attempts that have been made to establish an ideal trial procedure to overcome the many inherent difficulties in studying 'wild' influenza. Vaccines of appropriate antigenic content can prevent influenza in 75 percent or more of recipients for up to a year, and can decrease the severity and duration of the disease in those who do succumb. Attack rates can be reduced even in epidemics occurring within 8-14 days of vaccination. If a high proportion of a population is vaccinated, infection rates in the unvaccinated in the same environment may fall. The desirability of vaccinating (a) only high risk groups or (b) entire open population or (c) school children is discussed.
通过血清转化率或通过在动物或人体中抵御人工感染来评估流感疫苗，只能对其在控制自然流行性疾病方面的预期效果提供初步的间接指导。现场试验至关重要，但在获得有意义的结果之前，需要精心的预先规划和控制。本文批判性地回顾了为建立理想的试验程序所做的各种尝试，以克服研究“野生”流感时存在的许多固有困难。具有适当抗原含量的疫苗可在高达75%或更多的接种者中预防流感长达一年，并可减轻发病者的疾病严重程度和缩短病程。即使在接种疫苗8 - 14天内发生的疫情中，发病率也可降低。如果很大比例的人群接种了疫苗，在同一环境中未接种疫苗者的感染率可能会下降。文中还讨论了仅对（a）高危人群、（b）整个开放人群或（c）学童进行接种的可取性。
