Gullone E, Moore S
Department of Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
J Adolesc. 2000 Aug;23(4):393-407. doi: 10.1006/jado.2000.0327.
The aim of this study was to investigate the links between adolescent risk-taking and personality in a comprehensive manner, as opposed to focusing on any one particular risk or personality factor as has occurred in much previous research. We conceptualized risk-taking broadly through use of the Adolescent Risk Questionnaire (ARQ) which yields information relating to risk judgements and behaviours in four areas (i.e. thrill-seeking risk behaviours, reckless risks, rebellious risks and antisocial risks). Personality was conceptualized using the Five-factor Model of personality, a comprehensive trait model of personality. The ARQ and the NEO Five-factor Inventory were administered to 459 school-based adolescents aged 11 to 18 years. Consistent with past research, younger adolescents and girls generally reported engaging in risk behaviours less frequently than older adolescents and boys. Also, younger adolescents and girls generally rated the ARQ behaviours as more risky than their older male counterparts. This was in line with the significant negative correlations found between risk judgements and risk behaviours of all types. Also consistent with past research, few age differences were found for the personality traits. Sex differences were evident, with female adolescents scoring higher on neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness than male adolescents. Together, risk judgements, personality factors, age and sex were found to be significant predictors of risk behaviours; however, the personality factor of significance was found to differ depending upon the risk type. This was also true for age and sex which differed in importance depending upon the risk type. Overall, these factors were most successful in predicting rebellious risk-taking and least successful in predicting thrill-seeking.
本研究的目的是全面调查青少年冒险行为与人格之间的联系，而不是像以往许多研究那样只关注某一个特定的风险或人格因素。我们通过使用青少年风险问卷（ARQ）对冒险行为进行了广泛的概念化，该问卷能提供与四个领域（即寻求刺激的风险行为、鲁莽风险、叛逆风险和反社会风险）的风险判断及行为相关的信息。人格则使用人格五因素模型进行概念化，这是一个全面的人格特质模型。我们对459名年龄在11至18岁的在校青少年施测了ARQ和大五人格量表。与过去的研究一致，青少年和女孩通常比年长青少年和男孩报告的冒险行为频率更低。此外，青少年和女孩通常认为ARQ行为比年长男性更具风险。这与各类风险判断和风险行为之间显著的负相关一致。同样与过去的研究一致，人格特质方面几乎没有发现年龄差异。性别差异明显，女性青少年在神经质、宜人性和尽责性方面的得分高于男性青少年。总之，风险判断、人格因素、年龄和性别被发现是风险行为的重要预测因素；然而，发现具有显著意义的人格因素因风险类型而异。年龄和性别也是如此，其重要性因风险类型而异。总体而言，这些因素在预测叛逆冒险行为方面最成功，而在预测寻求刺激方面最不成功。
