de Wit H, Crean J, Richards J B
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Behav Neurosci. 2000 Aug;114(4):830-7. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.114.4.830.
Little is known about the acute effects of psychoactive drugs on impulsivity and decision making in humans. This study examined the effects of d-amphetamine (AMP; 10 and 20 mg; N = 20) and ethanol (EtOH; 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg; N = 17) on the stop task, a putative measure of behavioral inhibition and impulsivity in healthy human volunteers. The stop task provides a measure of the reaction time (RT) needed to inhibit a response (Stop RT [SRT]), relative to the time taken to execute a simple response (Go RT [GRT]). Healthy volunteers performed the stop task before and after receiving one of the drugs. AMP decreased SRT-that is, improved inhibition-only in participants with slow baseline SRTs. EtOH increased SRTs-that is, impaired inhibition-at doses that did not affect GRTs. These results suggest that AMP and EtOH have specific and distinctive effects on the ability to inhibit responses. Impairment in the ability to inhibit responses is thought to reflect a certain form of impulsivity.
关于精神活性药物对人类冲动性和决策的急性影响，我们所知甚少。本研究考察了右旋苯丙胺（AMP；10毫克和20毫克；N = 20）和乙醇（EtOH；0.2、0.4和0.8克/千克；N = 17）对停止任务的影响，停止任务是对健康人类志愿者行为抑制和冲动性的一种假定测量。停止任务提供了相对于执行简单反应所需时间（Go RT [GRT]）而言，抑制反应所需的反应时间（RT）（停止反应时间[SRT]）的测量。健康志愿者在接受其中一种药物之前和之后执行停止任务。AMP仅在基线SRT较慢的参与者中降低了SRT，即改善了抑制。EtOH在不影响GRT的剂量下增加了SRT，即损害了抑制。这些结果表明，AMP和EtOH对抑制反应的能力有特定且独特的影响。抑制反应能力的损害被认为反映了某种形式的冲动性。
