Larsson M, Finkel D, Pedersen N L
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000 Sep;55(5):P304-10. doi: 10.1093/geronb/55.5.p304.
The aim of this study was to examine the influences of age, gender, cognitive abilities, and personality styles on odor identification. Participants (N = 532) aged 45-87 years from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging were assessed with a Swedish version of the National Geographic Smell Survey. Both detection and identification of olfactory information were impaired with age. Gender had no effect on detection or identification. Hierarchical regressions revealed that proficiency in semantic memory, intensity perception, and personality style (i.e., neuroticism, impulsivity, and lack of assertiveness) were potent predictors for successful odor identification, even when individual variations in chronological age, sex, education, and global cognitive functioning were taken into account.
本研究的目的是考察年龄、性别、认知能力和人格类型对气味识别的影响。来自瑞典老年收养/双胞胎研究的532名年龄在45至87岁之间的参与者接受了瑞典版《国家地理嗅觉调查》的评估。随着年龄增长，嗅觉信息的检测和识别能力均会受损。性别对检测或识别没有影响。分层回归显示，即使考虑到实际年龄、性别、教育程度和整体认知功能的个体差异，语义记忆能力、强度感知和人格类型（即神经质、冲动性和缺乏自信）仍是成功进行气味识别的有力预测因素。
