Kendler K S, Thornton L M, Pedersen N L
Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;57(9):886-92. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.9.886.
Prior studies of twins reared together suggest that regular tobacco use (RTU) is substantially heritable. However, strong social influences on RTU might have biased these results.
We examine the self-report lifetime history of RTU in members of 778 male-male and female-female twin pairs, raised together and apart, born from 1890 to 1958 and ascertained through the population-based Swedish Twin Registry.
In men, the pattern of twin resemblance for RTU suggested both genetic and rearing-environmental effects, which, in the best-fit biometrical model, accounted for 61% and 20% of the variance in liability to RTU, respectively. For women, overall results were hard to interpret, but became clearer when divided by birth cohort. In women born before 1925, rates of RTU were low and twin resemblance was environmental in origin. In later cohorts, rates of RTU in women increased substantially, as did heritability. For women born after 1940, heritability of RTU was similar to that seen in men (63%).
Genetic factors play an important etiologic role in RTU. In women, the impact of genetic factors increased in more recent cohorts, suggesting that, as social restrictions on female tobacco use relaxed over time, heritable influences increased in importance.
之前对共同抚养的双胞胎的研究表明，经常吸烟（RTU）具有很高的遗传性。然而，社会对RTU的强烈影响可能使这些结果产生偏差。
我们调查了778对男性-男性和女性-女性双胞胎的RTU自我报告终生史，这些双胞胎有的共同抚养，有的分开抚养，出生于1890年至1958年，通过基于人群的瑞典双胞胎登记处确定。
在男性中，RTU的双胞胎相似模式表明了遗传和抚养环境的影响，在最佳拟合生物统计学模型中，分别占RTU易感性变异的61%和20%。对于女性，总体结果难以解释，但按出生队列划分时变得更清晰。在1925年之前出生的女性中，RTU发生率较低，双胞胎相似性源于环境因素。在后来的队列中，女性的RTU发生率大幅上升，遗传性也是如此。对于1940年之后出生的女性，RTU的遗传性与男性相似（63%）。
遗传因素在RTU中起重要的病因学作用。在女性中，遗传因素的影响在最近的队列中有所增加，这表明，随着对女性吸烟的社会限制随着时间的推移而放松，遗传影响的重要性增加。
