Wilhelmsen C L, Waag D M
Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Comp Med. 2000 Aug;50(4):374-8.
The Coxiella burnetii phase-I cellular vaccine is efficacious in humans, imparting nearly complete protection against Q fever. However, this vaccine can also induce sterile abscesses and granulomas at the inoculation site in humans previously sensitized by natural infection or vaccination. To decrease the possibility of vaccinating immune persons, vaccinees are currently screened by skin testing to detect pre-existing Q fever immunity. We developed a model of abscess hypersensitivity in Hartley guinea pigs to assess the likelihood that Q fever vaccines would induce adverse vaccination reactions in previously sensitized individuals.
Guinea pigs (4 to 6/group) were sensitized to C. burnetii by immunization and aerosol challenge, or by intraperitoneal inoculation. Eight weeks later, animals were then vaccinated SC with a Q fever cellular (WCI) or chloroform:methanol residue (CMR) vaccine. Development of adverse reactions at the vaccination site was assessed histologically and by observation of increases in erythema and/or induration.
The WCI vaccine caused greater magnitude and duration of erythema and induration at the vaccination sites than did the CMR vaccine. In addition, non-immune guinea pigs developed induration when given WCI, but not CMR vaccine.
The CMR vaccine may prove a safe alternative to WCI vaccines for use in individuals unscreened for prior immunity to C. burnetii.
伯氏考克斯氏体I期细胞疫苗对人类有效，能提供几乎完全的Q热防护。然而，这种疫苗也会在先前因自然感染或接种疫苗而致敏的人体接种部位诱发无菌性脓肿和肉芽肿。为降低给免疫个体接种疫苗的可能性，目前通过皮肤试验对受种者进行筛查，以检测既往存在的Q热免疫力。我们建立了Hartley豚鼠的脓肿超敏反应模型，以评估Q热疫苗在先前致敏个体中引发不良接种反应的可能性。
将豚鼠（每组4至6只）通过免疫接种和气溶胶攻击或腹腔接种使其对伯氏考克斯氏体致敏。八周后，给动物皮下接种Q热细胞疫苗（WCI）或氯仿：甲醇残渣疫苗（CMR）。通过组织学检查以及观察红斑和/或硬结的增加情况来评估接种部位不良反应的发生情况。
WCI疫苗在接种部位引起的红斑和硬结程度及持续时间比CMR疫苗更大。此外，未免疫的豚鼠接种WCI疫苗后会出现硬结，但接种CMR疫苗则不会。
对于未筛查过伯氏考克斯氏体既往免疫力的个体，CMR疫苗可能是WCI疫苗的一种安全替代选择。
