Bretaud S, Toutant J P, Saglio P
Laboratoire d'Ecologie aquatique, INRA, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, Rennes Cedex, 35042, France.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2000 Oct;47(2):117-24. doi: 10.1006/eesa.2000.1954.
Juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to three widely used pesticides; carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and molecular forms of AChE were first characterized in brain and skeletal muscle of unexposed fish. Skeletal muscle had higher AChE activity than brain (306 and 215 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). In brain, four molecular forms of AChE were found: A12, G4, G2, and G1. In the muscle, three molecular forms were found A12, A8, and G2. AChE activity was then evaluated in both tissues of fish exposed to different concentration of pesticides (5, 50, and 500 microg/L) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. In brain, AChE activity was significantly inhibited during all the periods of exposure in response to 50 microg/L (19-28%) and 500 microg/L (85-87%) carbofuran. Such effect was observed in the muscle only at 500 microg/L (86-92%). Carbofuran had no effect on the distribution of molecular forms. Significant inhibitions (9-12%) of brain AChE activity were also observed in response to diuron and nicosulfuron at 500 microg/L during all periods of exposure and for 50 microg/L nicosulfuron after 24 and 48 h. This study pointed out short-term effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of the three pesticides, ranging among different chemical families, on brain and muscle AChE in goldfish.
将幼年金鱼（Carassius auratus）暴露于三种广泛使用的农药：克百威、敌草隆和烟嘧磺隆。首先对未接触农药的金鱼脑和骨骼肌中的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性及AChE的分子形式进行了表征。骨骼肌的AChE活性高于脑（分别为306和215 nmol/分钟/毫克蛋白质）。在脑中，发现了四种AChE分子形式：A12、G4、G2和G1。在肌肉中，发现了三种分子形式：A12、A8和G2。然后评估暴露于不同浓度（5、50和500微克/升）农药6、12、24和48小时的金鱼这两种组织中的AChE活性。在脑中，暴露于50微克/升（19 - 28%）和500微克/升（85 - 87%）克百威的所有时间段内，AChE活性均受到显著抑制。这种效应仅在肌肉中500微克/升（86 - 92%）时观察到。克百威对分子形式的分布没有影响。在暴露的所有时间段内，暴露于500微克/升敌草隆和烟嘧磺隆时，脑AChE活性也受到显著抑制（9 - 12%），暴露于50微克/升烟嘧磺隆24和48小时后也有此现象。本研究指出了暴露于亚致死浓度的这三种属于不同化学类别的农药对金鱼脑和肌肉AChE的短期影响。
