Eisen M, Zellman G L, McAlister A L
Sociometrics Corporation, Houston.
Fam Plann Perspect. 1990 Nov-Dec;22(6):261-71.
A controlled field study involving 1,444 adolescent males and females 13-19 years of age was performed to compare a sexuality education program based on the health belief model and social learning theory with several publicly funded community-based and school-based interventions. Among males who had never had intercourse prior to participating in the study, those in the experimental program were more likely than those in the comparison programs to maintain abstinence over the next year; there was no program effect, however, among females. Among female adolescents who initiated intercourse after the start of the study, attendees of the comparison programs were more likely to have used an effective contraceptive at most recent intercourse and to have used an effective method more consistently than were those who attended the experimental program; no such association was seen among comparable young men. Both experimental and comparison programs significantly increased the consistent use of effective methods among teenagers who had been coitally active before attending the programs. Among males, however, when preintervention contraceptive efficiency was held constant, the experimental program led to significantly greater contraceptive efficiency during the follow-up year than did the comparison programs; among females, the two approaches produced an equivalent degree of improvement. Finally, prior exposure to sexuality education was associated with greater contraceptive efficiency at the one-year follow-up among almost all sexual-experience and gender groups, regardless of the type of intervention program attended.
一项针对1444名13至19岁青少年男性和女性的对照性实地研究开展，旨在将基于健康信念模型和社会学习理论的性教育项目与几个由公共资金资助的社区和学校干预措施进行比较。在参与研究前从未有过性交的男性中，参与实验项目的人在接下来一年中保持禁欲的可能性高于参与对照项目的人；然而，在女性中没有观察到项目效果。在研究开始后开始性交的女性青少年中，对照项目的参与者在最近一次性交时使用有效避孕措施的可能性更大，且比参与实验项目的人更持续地使用有效方法；在类似的年轻男性中未观察到这种关联。实验项目和对照项目都显著提高了在参加项目前已有性交行为的青少年中有效方法的持续使用率。然而，在男性中，当干预前的避孕效率保持恒定时，实验项目在随访年度导致的避孕效率显著高于对照项目；在女性中，两种方法产生了同等程度的改善。最后，无论参加何种干预项目类型，几乎所有性经验和性别组在一年随访时，先前接受性教育都与更高的避孕效率相关。
