Reilly T, Williams A M, Nevill A, Franks A
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2000 Sep;18(9):695-702. doi: 10.1080/02640410050120078.
The requirements for soccer play are multifactorial and distinguishing characteristics of elite players can be investigated using multivariate analysis. The aim of the present study was to apply a comprehensive test battery to young players with a view to distinguishing between elite and sub-elite groups on the basis of performance on test items. Thirty-one (16 elite, 15 sub-elite) young players matched for chronological age (15-16 years) and body size were studied. Test items included anthropometric (n = 15), physiological (n = 8), psychological (n = 3) and soccer-specific skills (n = 2) tests. Variables were split into separate groups according to somatotype, body composition, body size, speed, endurance, performance measures, technical skill, anticipation, anxiety and task and ego orientation for purposes of univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and stepwise discriminant function analysis. The most discriminating of the measures were agility, sprint time, ego orientation and anticipation skill. The elite players were also significantly leaner, possessed more aerobic power (9.0 +/- 1.7 vs 55.5 +/- 3.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and were more tolerant of fatigue (P < 0.05). They were also better at dribbling the ball, but not shooting. We conclude that the test battery used may be useful in establishing baseline reference data for young players being selected onto specialized development programmes.
足球运动的要求是多方面的，运用多变量分析可以探究优秀球员的显著特征。本研究旨在对年轻球员应用一套全面的测试组合，以便根据测试项目的表现区分优秀组和次优秀组。对31名（16名优秀球员，15名次优秀球员）年龄（15 - 16岁）和体型匹配的年轻球员进行了研究。测试项目包括人体测量学测试（n = 15）、生理学测试（n = 8）、心理学测试（n = 3）以及足球专项技能测试（n = 2）。为了进行单变量和多变量方差分析以及逐步判别函数分析，根据体型、身体成分、身体尺寸、速度、耐力、表现指标、技术技能、预判、焦虑以及任务和自我定向，将变量分成不同的组。最具区分度的指标是敏捷性、短跑时间、自我定向和预判技能。优秀球员也明显更瘦，拥有更强的有氧能力（9.0 +/- 1.7 vs 55.5 +/- 3.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)），并且对疲劳的耐受性更强（P < 0.05）。他们在控球方面也更出色，但射门能力并非如此。我们得出结论，所使用的测试组合可能有助于为入选专门发展计划的年轻球员建立基线参考数据。
