Klemm P, Schembri M A
Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2000 Mar;290(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/S1438-4221(00)80102-2.
Specific adhesion to host tissue cells is an essential virulence factor of most bacterial pathogens. The fundamental processes that determine bacterial attachment to host tissue surfaces are mediated by microbial adhesins. Host specificity and tissue tropism are characteristics exhibited by different bacteria and are determined (at least in part) by the interaction between adhesins and their complementary receptors on host cell surfaces. A detailed picture of how bacteria are able to target to various receptors is emerging. A large number of bacterial adhesins with individual receptor specificities have been identified. Furthermore, recent research has shown that individual adhesins are prone to rapid microevolution that results in changes in the receptor specificity of individual adhesins. Microbial adhesins are often assembled into complex polymeric organelle structures, however non-organelle adhesins linked to the cell surface as monomers or simple oligomers also exist. This review gives an overview of bacterial adhesins and focuses on some general aspects of their biogenesis and role in bacterial colonization of host cell surfaces and as virulence factors.
对宿主组织细胞的特异性黏附是大多数细菌病原体的一种重要毒力因子。决定细菌附着于宿主组织表面的基本过程是由微生物黏附素介导的。宿主特异性和组织嗜性是不同细菌所表现出的特征，并且（至少部分地）由黏附素与其在宿主细胞表面的互补受体之间的相互作用所决定。关于细菌如何靶向各种受体的详细情况正在逐渐明晰。已经鉴定出大量具有个体受体特异性的细菌黏附素。此外，最近的研究表明，个体黏附素易于发生快速的微观进化，这导致个体黏附素的受体特异性发生变化。微生物黏附素通常组装成复杂的聚合细胞器结构，然而也存在作为单体或简单寡聚体与细胞表面相连的非细胞器黏附素。本综述概述了细菌黏附素，并着重介绍了它们生物合成的一些一般方面以及在细菌定殖于宿主细胞表面和作为毒力因子方面的作用。
