Tyler L K, Moss H E, Durrant-Peatfield M R, Levy J P
Centre for Speech and Language, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Brain Lang. 2000 Nov;75(2):195-231. doi: 10.1006/brln.2000.2353.
We present a new account of the fine-grained structure of semantic categories derived from neuropsychological, behavioral, and developmental data. The account places theoretical emphasis on the functions of the referents of concepts. We claim (i) that the distinctiveness of functional features correlated with perceptual features varies across semantic domains; and (ii) that category structure emerges from the complex interaction of these variables. The representational assumptions that follow from these claims make strong predictions about what types of semantic information are preserved in patients showing category-specific deficits following brain damage. These claims are illustrated with a connectionist simulation which, when damaged, shows patterns of preservation of distinctive and shared functional and perceptual information which varies across semantic domains. The data model both dissociations between knowledge for artifacts and for living things and recent neuropsychological evidence concerning the robustness of functional information in the representation of concepts.
我们提出了一种基于神经心理学、行为学和发育学数据得出的语义范畴精细结构的新解释。该解释在理论上强调概念所指对象的功能。我们认为：（i）与感知特征相关的功能特征的独特性在不同语义领域中有所不同；（ii）范畴结构源于这些变量的复杂相互作用。从这些观点得出的表征假设对脑损伤后出现范畴特异性缺陷的患者中保留的语义信息类型做出了强有力的预测。这些观点通过一个联结主义模拟得以说明，该模拟在受损时显示出独特和共享的功能及感知信息的保留模式，这些模式在不同语义领域中各不相同。该数据模型既体现了人工制品知识和生物知识之间的分离，也体现了近期关于概念表征中功能信息稳健性的神经心理学证据。
