Farah M J, McClelland J L
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1991 Dec;120(4):339-57.
It is demonstrated how a modality-specific semantic memory system can account for category-specific impairments after brain damage. In Experiment 1, the hypothesis that visual and functional knowledge play different roles in the representation of living things and nonliving things is tested and confirmed. A parallel distributed processing model of semantic memory in which knowledge is subdivided by modality into visual and functional components is described. In Experiment 2, the model is lesioned, and it is confirmed that damage to visual semantics primarily impairs knowledge of living things, and damage to functional semantics primarily impairs knowledge of nonliving things. In Experiment 3, it is demonstrated that the model accounts naturally for a finding that had appeared problematic for a modality-specific architecture, namely, impaired retrieval of functional knowledge about living things. Finally, in Experiment 4, it is shown how the model can account for a recent observation of impaired knowledge of living things only when knowledge is probed verbally.
本文展示了特定模态语义记忆系统如何解释脑损伤后的类别特异性损伤。在实验1中，视觉和功能知识在生物和非生物表征中发挥不同作用的假设得到了检验和证实。文中描述了一种语义记忆的并行分布式处理模型，其中知识按模态细分为视觉和功能成分。在实验2中，该模型受到损伤，结果证实视觉语义损伤主要损害生物知识，功能语义损伤主要损害非生物知识。在实验3中，证明了该模型能自然地解释一个对特定模态架构来说曾有问题的发现，即关于生物的功能知识检索受损。最后，在实验4中，展示了该模型如何解释最近一项观察结果，即只有当通过言语探测知识时，才会出现生物知识受损的情况。
