Hanley G P, Iwata B A, Thompson R H, Lindberg J S
The University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2000 Fall;33(3):285-97. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-285.
Results from several studies have suggested that the opportunity to engage in stereotypic behavior may function as reinforcement for alternative, more socially desirable behaviors. However, the procedural components of this intervention include several distinct operations whose effects have not been analyzed separately. While measuring the occurrence of stereotypy and an alternative behavior (manipulation of leisure materials), we exposed 3 participants to three or four components of a "stereotypy as reinforcement" contingency: (a) continuous access to materials, (b) prompts to manipulate materials, (c) restricted access to stereotypy (i.e., response blocking), and (d) access to stereotypy contingent on manipulating the materials. Continuous access to materials and prompting (a and b) produced negligible results. Restriction of stereotypy (c) produced a large increase in the alternative behavior of 2 participants, suggesting that response restriction per se may occasion alternative behavior. However, contingent access to stereotypy (d) was necessary to increase the 3rd participant's object manipulation; this finding provided some support for the use of stereotypy as reinforcement for alternative behavior. Finally, when transfer of the effects of intervention was assessed during periods in which active intervention components were withdrawn, the alternative behavior was maintained for 1 participant.
多项研究结果表明，从事刻板行为的机会可能作为对其他更符合社会期望行为的强化。然而，这种干预的程序组成部分包括几个不同的操作，其效果尚未分别进行分析。在测量刻板行为和另一种行为（对休闲材料的操作）的发生情况时，我们让3名参与者接触了“将刻板行为作为强化”应急措施的三到四个组成部分：（a）持续获取材料，（b）促使操作材料，（c）限制刻板行为（即反应阻断），以及（d）根据操作材料情况获取刻板行为。持续获取材料和促使（a和b）产生的结果微不足道。对刻板行为的限制（c）使2名参与者的替代行为大幅增加，表明反应限制本身可能引发替代行为。然而，有条件地获取刻板行为（d）对于增加第三名参与者的物体操作是必要的；这一发现为将刻板行为用作替代行为的强化提供了一些支持。最后，在撤回积极干预组成部分的期间评估干预效果的转移时，1名参与者的替代行为得以维持。
