O'Connor T G, Davies L, Dunn J, Golding J
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
Pediatrics. 2000 Nov;106(5):E68. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.5.e68.
To investigate whether family type and psychosocial risks indexed by family type were systematically associated with differences in health outcomes in children.
The study is based on a longitudinal, prospective study of a large (n = approximately 10 000) community sample of families, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood.
Frequency of accidents, illnesses, and medical interventions.
At 2 years of age, children in single-parent and stepfamilies were disproportionately likely to experience accidents and receive medical treatment for physical illnesses. In addition, children in single-parent families and stepfamilies were more likely to be hospitalized or receive attention from a hospital doctor for an injury or illness. Exposure to psychosocial risks also were elevated in single-parent families and stepfamilies, compared with intact or nonstepfamilies, and these factors primarily accounted for the connection between family type and children's physical health.
The consequences of family transitions on children's health extend beyond traditional mental health and behavioral outcomes and include accident proneness, illness, and receipt of medical attention. The mediating processes are not entirely attributable to social class differences connected to family type and may instead be associated with a range of psychosocial risks that are more frequently found in single-parent families and stepfamilies, compared with intact or nonstepfamilies. Prevention and intervention efforts directed toward children at risk for poor behavioral and mental health adjustment secondary to family disruption should consider children's physical health and health-related behaviors.
探讨家庭类型以及由家庭类型所索引的心理社会风险是否与儿童健康结局的差异存在系统性关联。
本研究基于一项对大量（约10000个）家庭社区样本进行的纵向前瞻性研究，即雅芳孕期与儿童纵向研究。
事故、疾病及医疗干预的发生频率。
在2岁时，单亲家庭和再婚家庭中的儿童遭遇事故以及因身体疾病接受治疗的可能性不成比例地偏高。此外，单亲家庭和再婚家庭中的儿童因受伤或患病而住院或接受医院医生诊治的可能性更大。与完整家庭或非再婚家庭相比，单亲家庭和再婚家庭中儿童所面临的心理社会风险也更高，而这些因素主要解释了家庭类型与儿童身体健康之间的联系。
家庭变迁对儿童健康的影响不仅限于传统的心理健康和行为结局，还包括易发生事故、患病以及接受医疗护理。中介过程并非完全归因于与家庭类型相关的社会阶层差异，而可能与一系列心理社会风险有关，与完整家庭或非再婚家庭相比，这些风险在单亲家庭和再婚家庭中更为常见。针对因家庭破裂而存在行为和心理健康调适不良风险的儿童所开展的预防和干预措施应考虑儿童的身体健康及与健康相关的行为。
