Molinari M
European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Cell Prolif. 2000 Oct;33(5):261-74. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2184.2000.00191.x.
Checkpoints are mechanisms that regulate progression through the cell cycle insuring that each step takes place only once and in the right sequence. Mutations of checkpoint proteins are frequent in all types of cancer as defects in cell cycle control can lead to genetic instability. This review will focus on three major areas of cell cycle transition control, with particular attention to the alterations found in human cancer. These areas include the G1/S transition, where most cancer-related defects occur, the G2/M checkpoint and its activation in response to DNA damage, and the spindle checkpoint.
关卡是调控细胞周期进程的机制，确保每个步骤仅发生一次且顺序正确。在所有类型的癌症中，关卡蛋白的突变都很常见，因为细胞周期控制缺陷会导致基因不稳定。本综述将聚焦于细胞周期转换控制的三个主要领域，特别关注在人类癌症中发现的改变。这些领域包括G1/S转换（大多数与癌症相关的缺陷发生在此处）、G2/M关卡及其对DNA损伤的激活反应，以及纺锤体关卡。
