Frazier L M
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA.
Prim Care. 2000 Dec;27(4):1039-56. doi: 10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70188-3.
Occupational exposures can harm reproductive processes in men or women. Exposures may affect fertility, pregnancy outcomes or the child's health after delivery. The goal of patient management is to provide counseling at an appropriate level. Over-restricting the patient should be avoided while hazardous exposures should be identified and reduced. The occupational history can be used to estimate the magnitude of each exposure. If the exposure is a known reproductive hazard and the exposure level appears significant, there are several options for making the job safer. Modifications in work practices can be accomplished by advising the patient about changing work practices, writing formal work restrictions and talking with the employer. Temporary job transfers may be available. In some cases, a medical leave is needed. The primary care provider can play a key role in assisting patients to reduce reproductive risks.
职业暴露可能会损害男性或女性的生殖过程。暴露可能会影响生育能力、妊娠结局或产后儿童健康。患者管理的目标是提供适当水平的咨询。应避免过度限制患者，同时应识别并减少有害暴露。职业史可用于估计每次暴露的程度。如果暴露是已知的生殖危害且暴露水平似乎较高，则有几种方法可使工作更安全。通过建议患者改变工作方式、制定正式的工作限制并与雇主交谈，可以实现工作方式的改变。可能会有临时工作调动。在某些情况下，需要请病假。初级保健提供者在协助患者降低生殖风险方面可发挥关键作用。
