O'Rourke B
Institute of Molecular Cardiobiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Physiol. 2000 Nov 15;529 Pt 1(Pt 1):23-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00023.x.
Mitochondria possess a highly permeable outer membrane and an inner membrane that was originally thought to be relatively impermeable to ions to prevent dissipation of the electrochemical gradient for protons. Although recent evidence has revealed a rich diversity of ion channels in both membranes, the purpose of these channels remains incompletely determined. Pores in the outer membrane are fundamental participants in apoptotic cell death, and this process may also involve permeability transition pores on the inner membrane. Novel functions are now being assigned to other ion channels of the inner membrane. Examples include protection against ischaemic injury by mitochondrial KATP channels and the contribution of inner membrane anion channels to spontaneous mitochondrial oscillations in cardiac myocytes. The central role of mitochondria in both the normal function of the cell and in its demise makes these channels prime targets for future research and drug development.
线粒体具有高度可渗透的外膜和内膜，内膜最初被认为对离子相对不可渗透，以防止质子电化学梯度的消散。尽管最近的证据表明这两种膜中存在丰富多样的离子通道，但这些通道的功能仍未完全确定。外膜中的孔是凋亡细胞死亡的基本参与者，这个过程也可能涉及内膜上的通透性转换孔。现在，内膜的其他离子通道也被赋予了新的功能。例如，线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道对缺血性损伤具有保护作用，内膜阴离子通道对心肌细胞中线粒体的自发振荡有贡献。线粒体在细胞正常功能及其死亡过程中都起着核心作用，这使得这些通道成为未来研究和药物开发的主要靶点。
