Lee H Y, Woo J, Chen Z Y, Leung S F, Peng X H
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Oct;54(10):768-73. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601089.
To examine the serum fatty acid and lipid profiles and dietary intake of Hong Kong Chinese omnivores and vegetarians with respect to cardiovascular health.
Random population survey stratified by age and sex.
One-hundred and ninety-four omnivore subjects (81 men, 113 women) age 25-70 y, and 60 ovo-lacto-vegetarian adults (15 men, 45 women) age 30-55 y.
Nutrient quantitation was by a food frequency method. Serum fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography, and serum lipid by standard laboratory methods.
Compared with omnivores, vegetarians had higher serum concentrations of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monosaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and lower saturated fatty acids (SFA), long chain omega-3 and trans fatty acids (TFA). They also had lower serum cholesterol and higher apoA-1 concentrations, but the LDL/HDL ratio was not different. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids intake was higher in vegetarians. Compared with results from populations with higher incidences of coronary heart disease, while lower myristic and palmitic acid concentrations and higher eicosapentaneoic (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) may partly account for the difference in incidence, linoleic acid concentration was higher. Although the Chinese vegetarian diet may be beneficial for heart health in that antioxidant and fibre intakes are higher and saturated fat lower, the low EPA and DHA due to omission from dietary source and suppressed formation by high linoleic acid level, and the presence of TFA in the diet, may exert an opposite effect.
There are some favourable features in the serum fatty acid profile in the Hong Kong Chinese population with respect to cardiovascular health, but the consumption of TFA is of concern. The Chinese vegetarian diet also contains some adverse features.
研究香港杂食者和素食者的血清脂肪酸和血脂水平以及饮食摄入情况，以探讨其与心血管健康的关系。
按年龄和性别分层的随机人群调查。
194名年龄在25 - 70岁的杂食者（男性81名，女性113名），以及60名年龄在30 - 55岁的蛋奶素食者（男性15名，女性45名）。
采用食物频率法进行营养素定量分析。血清脂肪酸通过气相色谱法分析，血清脂质采用标准实验室方法测定。
与杂食者相比，素食者血清中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）浓度较高，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、长链ω-3脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸（TFA）浓度较低。他们的血清胆固醇水平较低，载脂蛋白A-1浓度较高，但低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白比值无差异。素食者的多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸摄入比值较高。与冠心病发病率较高的人群相比，虽然肉豆蔻酸和棕榈酸浓度较低以及二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）较高可能部分解释了发病率差异，但亚油酸浓度较高。尽管中国素食饮食可能对心脏健康有益，因为抗氧化剂和纤维摄入量较高而饱和脂肪较低，但由于饮食来源中缺乏EPA和DHA以及高亚油酸水平抑制其形成，且饮食中存在TFA，可能会产生相反的效果。
香港华人人群的血清脂肪酸谱在心血管健康方面有一些有利特征，但TFA的摄入值得关注。中国素食饮食也存在一些不利特征。
