Schiamberg L B, Gans D
College of Human Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2000;50(4):329-59. doi: 10.2190/DXAX-8TJ9-RG5K-MPU5.
Elder abuse in family settings has increased in recent years for a variety of reasons, including the increasing proportion of older adults in the total population, the related increase in chronic disabling diseases, and the increasing involvement of families in caregiving relationships with elders. Future trends indicate not only continued growth of the older population but suggest, as well, an increased demand for family caregiving which may, in turn, be accompanied by increasing rates of elder abuse. It is important to consider issues associated with such caregiving and elder abuse in families from an ecological perspective as a basis both for framing conceptually relevant and effective prevention strategies as well as for understanding the specific character of the broader issue of the intergenerational nature of the quality of life in an aging society. Using an applied ecological model, the article focuses on the contextual risk factors of elder abuse. Specifically, five levels of environment--microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem--will be utilized to organize and interpret existing research on the risk factors asociated with elder abuse (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, 1986, 1997). The configuration of the risk factors provides a useful framework for understanding the intergenerational character of the quality of life for older adults, for developing recommendations for empirically-based action research, and for the development of community-based prevention and intervention strategies. The application of a contextual perspective to the development of intervention and prevention programs will be addressed, the latter in relation to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
近年来，家庭环境中的老年人虐待现象因多种原因而有所增加，这些原因包括老年人在总人口中所占比例不断上升、慢性致残疾病相应增加，以及家庭在与老年人的照料关系中参与度不断提高。未来趋势不仅表明老年人口将持续增长，还意味着对家庭照料的需求会增加，而这反过来可能伴随着老年人虐待率的上升。从生态视角考虑与家庭照料及老年人虐待相关的问题很重要，这既是构建概念上相关且有效的预防策略的基础，也是理解老龄化社会中代际生活质量这一更广泛问题的具体特征的基础。本文运用应用生态模型，聚焦于老年人虐待的情境风险因素。具体而言，将利用五个环境层面——微观系统、中观系统、外部系统、宏观系统和时间系统——来组织和解释与老年人虐待相关的风险因素的现有研究（布朗芬布伦纳，1979年、1986年、1997年）。风险因素的构成提供了一个有用的框架，有助于理解老年人生活质量的代际特征，为基于实证的行动研究制定建议，以及制定基于社区的预防和干预策略。将探讨情境视角在干预和预防项目开发中的应用，后者涉及一级、二级和三级预防。
