Rosenbaum J F, Biederman J, Hirshfeld-Becker D R, Kagan J, Snidman N, Friedman D, Nineberg A, Gallery D J, Faraone S V
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA.
Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;157(12):2002-10. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.2002.
"Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" has been proposed as a precursor to anxiety disorders. Children with behavioral inhibition are cautious, quiet, introverted, and shy in unfamiliar situations. Several lines of evidence suggest that behavioral inhibition is an index of anxiety proneness. The authors sought to replicate prior findings and examine the specificity of the association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety.
Laboratory-based behavioral observations were used to assess behavioral inhibition in 129 young children of parents with panic disorder and major depression, 22 children of parents with panic disorder without major depression, 49 children of parents with major depression without panic disorder, and 84 children of parents without anxiety disorders or major depression (comparison group). A standard definition of behavioral inhibition based on previous research ("dichotomous behavioral inhibition") was compared with two other definitions.
Dichotomous behavioral inhibition was most frequent among the children of parents with panic disorder plus major depression (29% versus 12% in comparison subjects). For all definitions, the univariate effects of parental major depression were significant (conferring a twofold risk for behavioral inhibition), and for most definitions the effects of parental panic disorder conferred a twofold risk as well.
These results suggest that the comorbidity of panic disorder and major depression accounts for much of the observed familial link between parental panic disorder and childhood behavioral inhibition. Further work is needed to elucidate the role of parental major depression in conferring risk for behavioral inhibition in children.
“对陌生事物的行为抑制”已被提出是焦虑症的先兆。有行为抑制的儿童在陌生情境中谨慎、安静、内向且害羞。有几条证据表明行为抑制是焦虑倾向的一个指标。作者试图重复先前的研究结果，并检验行为抑制与焦虑之间关联的特异性。
基于实验室的行为观察被用于评估129名患有惊恐障碍和重度抑郁症的父母的幼儿、22名患有惊恐障碍但无重度抑郁症的父母的孩子、49名患有重度抑郁症但无惊恐障碍的父母的孩子以及84名父母无焦虑症或重度抑郁症的孩子（对照组）的行为抑制情况。将基于先前研究的行为抑制的标准定义（“二分法行为抑制”）与另外两个定义进行比较。
二分法行为抑制在患有惊恐障碍加重度抑郁症的父母的孩子中最为常见（29%，而对照组为12%）。对于所有定义，父母重度抑郁症的单变量效应均显著（使行为抑制风险增加两倍），并且对于大多数定义，父母惊恐障碍的效应也使风险增加两倍。
这些结果表明，惊恐障碍和重度抑郁症的共病在很大程度上解释了观察到的父母惊恐障碍与儿童行为抑制之间的家族联系。需要进一步开展工作以阐明父母重度抑郁症在赋予儿童行为抑制风险方面的作用。
