Patel M R, Carr J E, Kim C, Robles A, Eastridge D
University of Nevada, Reno 89557-0062, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2000 Sep-Oct;21(5):393-407. doi: 10.1016/s0891-4222(00)00051-2.
The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic functional assessment package for aberrant behaviors maintained by nonsocial (automatic) reinforcement. The assessment package included four components: (1) functional analysis, (2) antecedent assessment of specific automatic reinforcement sources, (3) stimulus preference assessment, and (4) treatment evaluation. Functional analysis data indicated automatic reinforcement functions of the stereotypy exhibited by a 10-year-old male and the self-injury (SIB) exhibited by a 30-year-old male. Antecedent assessments of sensory classes indicated that auditory stimulation and tactile stimulation were associated with stereotypy and SIB, respectively. A multiple-stimulus-without-replacement procedure was conducted with each participant to identify the most- and least-preferred stimuli within the identified sensory classes. In an attempt to validate the assessment package for each participant, a DRO procedure was implemented using a reversal design with a multielement component. DRO procedures using stimuli within the targeted sensory classes were successful in eliminating the aberrant behaviors of both participants. The results are discussed in the context of improving the methodology for assessing and treating automatically reinforced behaviors.
本研究的目的是开发一套针对由非社会性（自动）强化维持的异常行为的系统功能评估方案。该评估方案包括四个部分：（1）功能分析；（2）对特定自动强化源的前因评估；（3）刺激偏好评估；（4）治疗评估。功能分析数据表明，一名10岁男性表现出的刻板行为以及一名30岁男性表现出的自伤行为（SIB）具有自动强化功能。对感觉类别进行的前因评估表明，听觉刺激和触觉刺激分别与刻板行为和自伤行为相关。对每位参与者进行了无替换多刺激程序，以确定在已确定的感觉类别中最受偏好和最不受偏好的刺激。为了验证针对每位参与者的评估方案，采用了带有多元素成分的反转设计实施消退程序（DRO）。使用目标感觉类别中的刺激进行的消退程序成功消除了两位参与者的异常行为。在改进自动强化行为的评估和治疗方法的背景下对结果进行了讨论。
