Mazaleski J L, Iwata B A, Vollmer T R, Zarcone J R, Smith R G
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1993 Summer;26(2):143-56. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-143.
Previous research has shown that self-injurious behavior (SIB) maintained by positive reinforcement may be reduced under differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) contingencies. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the reinforcement and extinction components of DRO while treating the self-injury of 3 women with developmental disabilities. A functional analysis revealed that each subject's SIB was maintained by positive reinforcement in the form of attention. Subsequent reinforcer assessments identified preferred and nonpreferred stimuli for later use in conjunction with DRO. Results showed high rates of SIB for all 3 subjects during baseline, which persisted when DRO was implemented without the relevant extinction component (withholding of attention for SIB) for 2 of the subjects. Low rates of SIB were observed for all subjects when DRO plus extinction was implemented or when extinction was implemented alone, suggesting that extinction may be a critical component of DRO schedules.
先前的研究表明，在其他行为区别性强化（DRO）条件下，由正强化维持的自伤行为（SIB）可能会减少。在本研究中，我们在治疗3名发育障碍女性的自伤行为时，对DRO的强化和消退成分进行了分析。功能分析表明，每个受试者的SIB都是通过注意力形式的正强化来维持的。随后的强化物评估确定了偏好和非偏好刺激，以便 later use in conjunction with DRO。结果显示，在基线期间，所有3名受试者的SIB发生率都很高，当对其中2名受试者实施DRO且没有相关的消退成分（对SIB不给予关注）时，这种情况持续存在。当实施DRO加消退或单独实施消退时，所有受试者的SIB发生率都很低，这表明消退可能是DRO程序的关键组成部分。
