Paap K R, Johansen L S, Chun E, Vonnahme P
Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2000 Dec;26(6):1691-720. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.26.6.1691.
Three experiments using the Reicher task show that performance on low-frequency words is disrupted if the incorrect alternative forms a higher frequency word. This neighborhood frequency effect occurs for both energy and pattern masks and for different sets of items. When the upcoming word is primed and its accessibility is enhanced, the neighborhood frequency effect is eliminated. Experiments 4a and 4b tested the neighborhood frequency effect using a same-different task and a signal-detection analysis. Neighborhood frequency affected the decision criterion but not the sensitivity of the perceptual system. Experiment 5 showed that many words with a frequency in the range from 1 to 5 per million are not recognized out of context. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that frequency effects in the Reicher task are caused by a bias in the decision system and can be simulated with the stochastic activation-verification model.
三项使用赖克任务的实验表明，如果错误选项构成一个高频词，那么低频词的表现就会受到干扰。这种邻域频率效应在能量掩蔽和模式掩蔽以及不同的项目集上都会出现。当即将出现的单词被启动且其可及性增强时，邻域频率效应就会消除。实验4a和4b使用异同任务和信号检测分析测试了邻域频率效应。邻域频率影响决策标准，但不影响感知系统的敏感性。实验5表明，许多频率在每百万次出现1到5次范围内的单词在脱离上下文时无法被识别。这些结果与以下假设一致：赖克任务中的频率效应是由决策系统中的偏差引起的，并且可以用随机激活验证模型进行模拟。
