Bressman S B
Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10033-3314, USA.
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Sep-Oct;23(5):239-51. doi: 10.1097/00002826-200009000-00002.
Dystonia is a syndrome of sustained muscle spasms of presumed central nervous system origin. Recent advances in molecular biology have permitted clearer understanding of the genetics of various forms of dystonia and suggest pathophysiological deficits at the origin of the clinical signs. Treatment has involved centrally-acting drugs, specifically the anticholinergic medications, as well as peripherally acting agents that block neuromuscular transmission (botulinum toxin). Some forms of dystonia are particularly responsive to levodopa. A systematic approach to the diagnostic and treatment evaluation of dystonic patients permits optimal care for long-term management.
肌张力障碍是一种推测起源于中枢神经系统的持续性肌肉痉挛综合征。分子生物学的最新进展使人们对各种形式肌张力障碍的遗传学有了更清晰的认识，并提示了临床症状起源处的病理生理缺陷。治疗方法包括使用作用于中枢的药物，特别是抗胆碱能药物，以及阻断神经肌肉传递的外周作用药物（肉毒杆菌毒素）。某些形式的肌张力障碍对左旋多巴特别敏感。对肌张力障碍患者进行诊断和治疗评估的系统方法有助于长期管理的最佳护理。
