Bemelmanns P, Pfeiffer P
Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kleferheilkunde, Poliklinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik, Universität zu Köln.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2000 Dec;14(4):139-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-8950.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of orofacial injuries among German top athletes and their attitudes to mouthguards. A questionnaire was mailed to athletes of 10 German contact sports associations. 64.3 percent (303) of the athletes returned questionnaires. 62 percent (188) of the respondents reported that at some time they wore a mouthguard for sports participation. 47.3% (male: 57.8%, female: 38.3%) of these were currently using one. 50% of the mouthguards were custom made by dentists, and 50% were shop bought (boil-and-bite). 32 percent of the participants had, at some time during their sports career, suffered an orofacial injury. The incidence of fractured anterior upper teeth and completely knocked out teeth for athletes without mouthguards was 7 and 14, respectively. Whereas for athletes wearing mouthguards one fractured tooth was reported. Athletes with mouthguards complained of problems with speaking (19.9%) rather than of breathing (3.4%) and fitting difficulties (4.8%). Boil-and-bite mouthguards caused more fitting problems than custom-made ones. As prevalence of oral injuries in body-contact sports is high, athletes should be advised that custom-made mouthguards offer the greatest comfort, fit, durability, and protection against dental injuries.
该研究的目的是确定德国顶级运动员口腔面部损伤的患病率及其对护齿器的态度。向10个德国接触性运动协会的运动员邮寄了一份问卷。64.3%（303名）的运动员回复了问卷。62%（188名）的受访者报告说他们在参加运动时曾佩戴过护齿器。其中47.3%（男性：57.8%，女性：38.3%）目前正在使用护齿器。50%的护齿器是由牙医定制的，50%是在商店购买的（煮沸咬合式）。32%的参与者在其运动生涯中的某个时候曾遭受过口腔面部损伤。没有佩戴护齿器的运动员上前牙骨折和牙齿完全脱落的发生率分别为7例和14例。而佩戴护齿器的运动员仅报告有1例牙齿骨折。佩戴护齿器的运动员抱怨说话有问题（19.9%），而不是呼吸问题（3.4%）和佩戴困难（4.8%）。煮沸咬合式护齿器比定制护齿器更容易出现佩戴问题。由于身体接触性运动中口腔损伤的患病率很高，应建议运动员定制护齿器能提供最大的舒适度、贴合度、耐用性，并能预防牙齿损伤。
