Kettunen J A, Kujala U M, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Sarna S
Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Sports Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;29(1):2-8. doi: 10.1177/03635465010290010801.
To determine the relationship between previous lower-limb loading and current self-reported hip and knee disability, we sent a questionnaire to 1321 former elite male athletes who had represented Finland between 1920 and 1965 in international competitions and to 814 control subjects who had been classified as healthy at the age of 20. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and occupational group, the odds ratios of hip disability in the athletes compared with control subjects were 0.35 in endurance athletes (95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.85, P = 0.02), 0.56 in team sport athletes (0.28 to 1.10, P = 0.09), 0.30 in track and field athletes (0.12 to 0.73, P < 0.01), 0.84 in power sport athletes (0.51 to 1.39, P = 0.49), 0.30 in shooters (0.07 to 1.32, P = 0.11), and 0.54 (0.36 to 0.82, P < 0.01) in all athletes combined. Compared with control subjects, only team sport athletes had a higher risk of knee disability (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 3.02; P = 0.04). Even though athletes have been reported to be at an increased risk for lower-limb osteoarthritis, our data show that former elite male endurance and track and field athletes and all athletes combined reported less hip disability than the control subjects. The effect of vigorous athletic activity on the function of knee joints is more controversial, because sports that involve a high risk of knee injury are likely to lead to pain, disability, and osteoarthritis.
为了确定既往下肢负荷与当前自我报告的髋部和膝部残疾之间的关系，我们向1321名曾在1920年至1965年间代表芬兰参加国际比赛的前精英男性运动员以及814名在20岁时被归类为健康的对照受试者发送了一份问卷。在对年龄、体重指数和职业组进行调整后，与对照受试者相比，耐力运动员髋部残疾的比值比为0.35（95%置信区间，0.14至0.85，P = 0.02），团队运动运动员为0.56（0.28至1.10，P = 0.09），田径运动员为0.30（0.12至0.73，P < 0.01），力量运动运动员为0.84（0.51至1.39，P = 0.49），射击运动员为0.30（0.07至1.32，P = 0.11），所有运动员合并后的比值比为0.54（0.36至0.82，P < 0.01）。与对照受试者相比，只有团队运动运动员膝部残疾的风险更高（比值比，1.76；95%置信区间，1.03至3.02；P = 0.04）。尽管有报道称运动员下肢骨关节炎的风险增加，但我们的数据显示，前精英男性耐力和田径运动员以及所有运动员合并后报告的髋部残疾比对照受试者少。剧烈体育活动对膝关节功能的影响更具争议性，因为涉及膝关节损伤高风险的运动可能会导致疼痛、残疾和骨关节炎。
