Kettunen J A, Kujala U M, Räty H, Sarna S
Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 Jan;79(2):197-201. doi: 10.1007/s004210050495.
To evaluate lower-limb explosive strength with respect to lifetime athletic activity, we measured vertical jumping height on a contact mat in former male runners (n = 28). soccer players (n = 31), weightlifters (n = 29) and shooters (n = 29) (age range 45 68 years). There were no statistically significant age-adjusted sport-group differences in jumping height, but differences by sport were evident among the subgroup of athletes without hip or knee osteoarthritis (n = 65) (P < 0.05). Thus, sports that increased jumping height also predisposed to lower-limb osteoarthritis. After adjustment for age and sport, the subjects without osteoarthritis jumped higher than those with osteoarthritis (n = 33) (P < 0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, age, reported hip and knee disability, and knee pain reduced jumping height. Hours spent in team-training during the past 12 months and the hours spent during their lifetime in power training were associated with improved vertical jumping height and together explained 41% of the difference among the subjects. The ability to jump even among athletes with hip or knee osteoarthritis would suggest that former elite athletes possess advanced lower limb muscle function.
为了评估与终生体育活动相关的下肢爆发力，我们测量了前男性跑步运动员（n = 28）、足球运动员（n = 31）、举重运动员（n = 29）和射击运动员（n = 29）（年龄范围45 - 68岁）在接触垫上的垂直跳跃高度。在跳跃高度方面，经年龄调整后各运动组之间无统计学显著差异，但在无髋或膝骨关节炎的运动员亚组（n = 65）中，运动项目之间的差异明显（P < 0.05）。因此，增加跳跃高度的运动也易引发下肢骨关节炎。在对年龄和运动项目进行调整后，无骨关节炎的受试者比有骨关节炎的受试者（n = 33）跳得更高（P < 0.01）。在多元线性回归分析中，年龄、所报告的髋部和膝部残疾以及膝关节疼痛会降低跳跃高度。过去12个月内在团队训练中花费的时间以及一生中在力量训练中花费的时间与垂直跳跃高度的提高相关，二者共同解释了受试者之间41%的差异。即使在患有髋或膝骨关节炎的运动员中仍具备跳跃能力，这表明前精英运动员拥有先进的下肢肌肉功能。
