Lansac J, Royere D
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bretonneau, Tours, France.
Hum Reprod Update. 2001 Jan-Feb;7(1):33-7. doi: 10.1093/humupd/7.1.33.
The need to assess the health of children born after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) using frozen donor spermatozoa has been a major concern for the last decade. Most available published studies are confusing (since they are retrospective) and refer to small numbers of cases or involve a bias. Two prospective and large population-based studies have been published, one in France and the other in Australia. The general characteristics of children born after ART using frozen spermatozoa was unchanged in comparison with the general population (weight, prematurity, stillbirths, sex ratio). However, the rate of multiple pregnancy was increased, first in artificial insemination with donor semen (AID), where the use of hormonal treatment may be too heavily prescribed, and second in IVF with donor semen (IVF/D) where both the ovulation induction treatments and embryo transfer policy increase the rate of multiple pregnancies. As far as birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities are concerned, no difference has been observed from the general population. Finally, the use of frozen spermatozoa does not seem to affect the health of children conceived by AID or IVF/D. The psychosocial development of such infants is not as well known because of the confidentiality in many countries concerning sperm donation. However, the available information on the psychosocial development of these children up to the age of 8-10 years appears to be reassuring. Larger and longer studies are needed to answer such questions, particularly with regard to adulthood.
在过去十年中，评估使用冷冻供体精子的辅助生殖技术（ART）后出生儿童的健康状况一直是一个主要关注点。大多数已发表的现有研究令人困惑（因为它们是回顾性的），涉及的病例数量较少或存在偏差。已经发表了两项前瞻性且基于大量人群的研究，一项在法国，另一项在澳大利亚。与普通人群相比，使用冷冻精子的ART后出生儿童的一般特征没有变化（体重、早产、死产、性别比）。然而，多胎妊娠率有所增加，首先是在供精人工授精（AID）中，激素治疗的使用可能规定得过于严格；其次是在供精体外受精（IVF/D）中，排卵诱导治疗和胚胎移植策略都会增加多胎妊娠率。就出生缺陷或染色体异常而言，与普通人群没有差异。最后，冷冻精子的使用似乎不会影响通过AID或IVF/D受孕儿童的健康。由于许多国家对精子捐赠的保密性，此类婴儿的心理社会发展情况不太为人所知。然而，关于这些儿童到8至10岁时心理社会发展的现有信息似乎令人放心。需要进行更大规模和更长时间的研究来回答这些问题，尤其是关于成年期的问题。
