Aabel S, Fossheim S, Rise F
Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Norway.
Br Homeopath J. 2001 Jan;90(1):14-20. doi: 10.1054/homp.1999.0458.
The efficacy of homeopathy is controversial. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to study homeopathic solutions, showing provocative results. We examined the reproducibility of one of the allegedly positive studies. 1H NMR spectra were recorded for Sulphur D4, diluted and succussed up to D30 (called potentization) at two different frequencies (300 and 500 MHz). The Sulphur solution had been potentiated according to homeopathic principles with deionized water and alcohol. Water proton T1 relaxation measurements were performed also at 20 MHz for the different potentiated Sulphur solutions. Furthermore, the homeopathic remedy Betula alba 30c (birch pollen extract) and appropriate control solution (deionized water, unsuccussed solutions and placebo globules) were measured analogously, both with frequencies giving spectra and T1 relaxometry. The Sulphur remedies showed identical one dimensional proton spectra (1H NMR) at 300 and 500 MHz, regardless of dilution/succussion stage, from D4 to D30. Furthermore, Betula 30c as a potentiated solution and its controls (ethanol dilutions and Betula diluted but not succussed) showed identical spectra. Nor were there any statistically significant differences in longitudinal (T1) relaxation times between deionized water and Sulphur D10 to D30 preparations. The shorter T1 of the Sulphur D4 preparation could be ascribed to the higher microviscosity within the sample matrix caused by the high concentration of dissolved material. Also, the T1 values of the Betula alba 30c preparation (in globular form) and control placebo globules were identical. In conclusion, published results from NMR research on homeopathy indicating differences between homeopathic solutions and control samples could not be reproduced.
顺势疗法的疗效存在争议。核磁共振（NMR）已被用于研究顺势疗法溶液，得出了一些引人深思的结果。我们检验了一项据称呈阳性的研究的可重复性。在两个不同频率（300和500兆赫）下，记录了硫磺D4稀释并振荡至D30（称为增效）后的1H NMR光谱。硫磺溶液已按照顺势疗法原则用去离子水和酒精进行了增效处理。还在20兆赫下对不同增效的硫磺溶液进行了水质子T1弛豫测量。此外，对顺势疗法药物桦树30c（桦树花粉提取物）和适当的对照溶液（去离子水、未振荡溶液和安慰剂小球）进行了类似测量，测量频率既有能给出光谱的，也有用于T1弛豫测量的。硫磺药物在300和500兆赫下显示出相同的一维质子光谱（1H NMR），无论稀释/振荡阶段如何，从D4到D30均如此。此外，作为增效溶液的桦树30c及其对照（乙醇稀释液以及稀释但未振荡的桦树溶液）显示出相同的光谱。去离子水与硫磺D10至D30制剂之间的纵向（T1）弛豫时间也没有任何统计学上的显著差异。硫磺D4制剂较短的T1可归因于溶解物质高浓度导致的样品基质内较高的微观粘度。同样，桦树30c制剂（球状）和对照安慰剂小球的T1值也是相同的。总之，已发表的关于顺势疗法的核磁共振研究结果表明顺势疗法溶液与对照样品之间存在差异，但无法重现。
