Fonseca C A, Otto S S, Paumgartten F J, Leitão A C
Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciencias da Sadde, Brazil.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2000;19(4):333-46.
Aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguarariensis (mate-chimarrão), a species that belongs to the Aquifoliaceae family, were analyzed for the presence of genotoxic, mutagenic, and clastogenic activities through bacterial trials based on the induction of the SOS functions, as well as in human lymphocytes in vitro and in mammalian cells in vivo. The extracts of mate-chimarrão were genotoxic, as assessed by lysogenic induction in Escherichia coli, and they also induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. They addition of S9 microsomal fraction, catalase, thiourea, or dipyridyl counteracted the genotoxic activity of mate-chimarrão, suggesting that oxygen reactive species play an essential role in the genotoxicity of mate-chimarrão extracts. The extracts were not clastogenic in vivo (bone marrow cells of rats) in our experimental conditions, but we have observed an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in mate-chimarrão-treated human peripheral lymphocytes. Our results suggest that a high consumption of mate-chimarrão can potentiate carcinogenesis in the human oropharynx and esophagus.
对冬青科植物巴拉圭冬青（马黛茶 - 奇马朗）的水提取物进行了分析，通过基于SOS功能诱导的细菌试验，以及体外人淋巴细胞和体内哺乳动物细胞试验，检测其遗传毒性、致突变性和染色体断裂活性。马黛茶 - 奇马朗的提取物具有遗传毒性，这通过大肠杆菌中的溶原性诱导评估得出，并且它们还在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中诱导了诱变。添加S9微粒体组分、过氧化氢酶、硫脲或联吡啶可抵消马黛茶 - 奇马朗的遗传毒性活性，这表明活性氧物种在马黛茶 - 奇马朗提取物的遗传毒性中起重要作用。在我们的实验条件下，提取物在体内（大鼠骨髓细胞）不具有染色体断裂活性，但我们观察到经马黛茶 - 奇马朗处理的人外周淋巴细胞中染色体畸变频率增加。我们的结果表明，大量饮用马黛茶 - 奇马朗可能会增强人类口咽和食管的致癌作用。
