Giesbrecht N
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Addiction Research Foundation Site, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.
Addiction. 2000 Dec;95 Suppl 4:S581-95. doi: 10.1080/09652140020013791.
This paper examines recent developments in Canada and the United States and the role of commercial interests in alcohol-related policies bearing on taxes, outlet density, advertising, counter-advertising, health messages and prevention. Case-study material is drawn from published papers, project reports, government documents and newspaper accounts. The main focus is at the federal level, with some reference to provincial, state and local experience. Alcohol industries have as their primary agenda that of maintaining and expanding their markets and maximizing profits. In order to achieve this they typically oppose restrictions on access to alcohol, tax increases, controls on marketing and some counter-advertising campaigns. They are powerful in influencing policy in both countries, at national and regional levels, and their efforts impact policy agenda and outcome of government deliberations. Their prevention efforts, which tend to be oriented to information and education, are mainly individualistic in focus and typically not supportive of environmentally based policy reforms. Governments appear to have a declining interest in policy issues, due partly to resistance by the industries to alcohol control policies. Governments are encouraged to apply an evidence-based orientation to funding prevention, and facilitate evaluation of industry-sponsored prevention efforts. Greatest attention and resources should be directed to interventions that are most likely to have the greatest impact in reducing drinking-related problems, and funding for prevention from alcohol industries should involve arms-length arrangements. Alcohol industries are encouraged to consider strategies that do not increase access to alcohol but rather reduce drinking-related risks.
本文考察了加拿大和美国的近期发展情况，以及商业利益在与酒精相关政策（涉及税收、销售点密度、广告、反广告、健康信息和预防等方面）中所起的作用。案例研究材料取自已发表的论文、项目报告、政府文件和报纸报道。主要关注联邦层面，同时也参考了省、州和地方的经验。酒精行业的首要议程是维护和扩大其市场并实现利润最大化。为了实现这一目标，它们通常反对限制酒精获取、提高税收、控制营销以及一些反广告活动。它们在影响两国国家和地区层面的政策方面势力强大，其努力影响着政府审议的政策议程和结果。它们的预防工作往往侧重于信息和教育，主要关注个人层面，通常不支持基于环境的政策改革。政府对政策问题的兴趣似乎在下降，部分原因是行业对酒精控制政策的抵制。鼓励政府以循证为导向为预防工作提供资金，并促进对行业资助的预防工作进行评估。应将最大的关注和资源投向那些最有可能对减少与饮酒相关问题产生最大影响的干预措施，并且来自酒精行业的预防资金应采用独立安排。鼓励酒精行业考虑那些不会增加酒精获取机会、而是降低与饮酒相关风险的策略。
