Burkman R T
Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Mar;44(1):62-72. doi: 10.1097/00003081-200103000-00010.
During the past four decades, oral contraceptives have remained a safe and effective method of birth control. Reductions in the estrogen and progestin dosages have significantly decreased the incidence of cardiovascular complications. The association between oral contraceptives and breast cancer appears to be primarily because of detection bias or possibly a promotional effect. Despite the changes in formulation, the problems related to side effects have not been totally solved. Because compliance and successful use is strongly affected by side effects, improvement in this area is probably the biggest challenge faced by developers of oral contraceptives. It is also clear that there are a growing number of significant noncontraceptive benefits that accrue in oral contraceptive users. Unfortunately, many women do not know about these benefits. Thus, one of the issues that providers need to continue to address is how to provide better information about oral contraceptives and contraception in general to patients.
在过去的四十年里，口服避孕药一直是一种安全有效的避孕方法。雌激素和孕激素剂量的降低显著降低了心血管并发症的发生率。口服避孕药与乳腺癌之间的关联似乎主要是由于检测偏倚或可能的促进作用。尽管配方有所改变，但与副作用相关的问题尚未完全解决。由于依从性和成功使用受到副作用的强烈影响，这一领域的改善可能是口服避孕药开发者面临的最大挑战。同样明显的是，口服避孕药使用者获得的重要非避孕益处越来越多。不幸的是，许多女性并不知道这些益处。因此，医疗服务提供者需要继续解决的问题之一是如何向患者提供关于口服避孕药及一般避孕方法的更好信息。
