Hays C W
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma College of Public Health, PO Box 26901, 801 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190, USA.
Parassitologia. 2000 Jun;42(1-2):47-52.
The United States Army faced difficult malaria control problems both at home and abroad during World War II. This challenge forced the Army to develop new tools and strategies for use in malarious areas where fighting was occurring. Due to the severe malaria problems being faced in some combat areas and the need to solve these problems quickly, intensive malaria research and operational programs were developed and implemented. With these concerted efforts and the simultaneous development of new control technologies, malaria was successfully controlled in most locations. In order to accomplish this high level of control both in the US and overseas, the Army developed a very organized approach to the malaria problem and implemented it in an effective manner. The creation of new technical solutions was also strongly emphasized and out of this effort came the development of effective antimalaria drugs to replace quinine, of new insecticides and of more effective systems for delivering these insecticides. Some of the major new tools which came out of this research were DDT and drugs such as Atabrine and chloroquine. The availability of Atabrine and DDT revolutionized malaria control throughout the world. The knowledge and experience gained through the use of these new tools by the US Army and other agencies in World War II provided the basis for a new optimism regarding malaria control which then led to the development of the global malaria eradication strategy in the post-war years.
第二次世界大战期间，美国陆军在国内外都面临着艰巨的疟疾防控问题。这一挑战迫使陆军研发新的工具和策略，以便在有战斗发生的疟疾高发地区使用。由于一些作战地区面临严重的疟疾问题，且需要迅速解决这些问题，因此开展并实施了密集的疟疾研究和作战计划。通过这些协同努力以及新防控技术的同步发展，大多数地区的疟疾得到了成功控制。为了在美国本土和海外实现如此高水平的防控，陆军针对疟疾问题制定了一套非常有条理的方法，并有效地加以实施。同时，陆军还大力强调开发新的技术解决方案，由此催生了替代奎宁的有效抗疟药物、新型杀虫剂以及更有效的杀虫剂喷洒系统。这项研究产生的一些主要新工具包括滴滴涕（DDT）以及阿的平、氯喹等药物。阿的平与滴滴涕的问世彻底改变了全球的疟疾防控局面。美国陆军及其他机构在二战期间使用这些新工具所积累的知识和经验，为人们对疟疾防控产生新的乐观态度奠定了基础，进而促成了战后全球疟疾根除战略的制定。
