Doya K
Information Sciences Division, ATR International and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika, Soraku, 619-0288, Kyoto, Japan.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2000 Dec;10(6):732-9. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00153-7.
The classical notion that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are dedicated to motor control has been challenged by the accumulation of evidence revealing their involvement in non-motor, cognitive functions. From a computational viewpoint, it has been suggested that the cerebellum, the basal ganglia, and the cerebral cortex are specialized for different types of learning: namely, supervised learning, reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning, respectively. This idea of learning-oriented specialization is helpful in understanding the complementary roles of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum in motor control and cognitive functions.
基底神经节和小脑专门负责运动控制这一经典观念，已受到越来越多证据的挑战，这些证据表明它们也参与非运动性认知功能。从计算的角度来看，有人提出小脑、基底神经节和大脑皮层分别专门负责不同类型的学习：即监督学习、强化学习和无监督学习。这种以学习为导向的专门化观点，有助于理解基底神经节和小脑在运动控制和认知功能中的互补作用。
