Parnas J, Vianin P, Saebye D, Jansson L, Volmer-Larsen A, Bovet P
Copenhagen University Department of Psychiatry, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Mar;103(3):171-80. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00160.x.
The study tests the hypothesis that intramodal visual binding is disturbed in schizophrenia and should be detectable in all illness stages as a stable trait marker.
Three groups of patients (rehospitalized chronic schizophrenic, first admitted schizophrenic and schizotypal patients believed to be suffering from a pre-schizophrenic prodrome) and a group of normal control subjects were tested on three tasks targeting visual 'binding' abilities (Muller-Lyer's illusion and two figure detection tasks) in addition to control parameters such as reaction time, visual selective attention, Raven's test and two conventional cortical tasks of spatial working memory (SWM) and a global local test.
Chronic patients had a decreased performance on the binding tests. Unexpectedly, the prodromal group exhibited an enhanced Gestalt extraction on these tests compared both to schizophrenic patients and to healthy subjects. Furthermore, chronic schizophrenia was associated with a poor performance on cortical tests of SWM, global local and on Raven. This association appears to be mediated by or linked to the chronicity of the illness.
The study confirms a variety of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia which, however, in this sample seem to be linked to chronicity of illness. However, certain aspects of visual processing concerned with Gestalt extraction deserve attention as potential vulnerability- or prodrome- indicators. The initial hypothesis of the study is rejected.
本研究检验了这样一种假设，即精神分裂症患者存在模式内视觉整合障碍，且在疾病的所有阶段都可作为一种稳定的特质标记被检测到。
对三组患者（再次住院的慢性精神分裂症患者、首次入院的精神分裂症患者以及被认为处于精神分裂症前驱期的分裂型人格障碍患者）和一组正常对照者进行了三项针对视觉“整合”能力的测试（穆勒-莱尔错觉和两项图形检测任务），此外还进行了反应时间、视觉选择性注意、瑞文测验以及空间工作记忆（SWM）的两项传统皮质任务和一项整体-局部测试等对照参数的测试。
慢性患者在整合测试中的表现有所下降。出乎意料的是，前驱期组在这些测试中的格式塔提取能力比精神分裂症患者和健康受试者都更强。此外，慢性精神分裂症与SWM皮质测试、整体-局部测试以及瑞文测验的不良表现相关。这种关联似乎是由疾病的慢性程度介导或与之相关的。
本研究证实了精神分裂症存在多种神经认知缺陷，然而，在这个样本中，这些缺陷似乎与疾病的慢性程度有关。然而，与格式塔提取有关的视觉处理的某些方面值得关注，可作为潜在的易感性或前驱期指标。本研究的最初假设被否定。
