Ritsner M, Ponizovsky A, Nechamkin Y, Modai I
Institute for Psychiatric Studies, Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Mobile Post Hefer 38814, Hadera, Israel.
Compr Psychiatry. 2001 Mar-Apr;42(2):151-60. doi: 10.1053/comp.2001.19750.
The reasons for a greater prevalence of psychological distress among women than men remain unknown. We sought to test two hypotheses that gender operates either as (1) a moderator or (2) a mediator between psychosocial risk factors and experienced distress. A cross-sectional community survey of 1,062 adult Russian-born Jewish immigrants to Israel was conducted. The Demographic Psychosocial Inventory (DPSI) and the Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory (TBDI) were used to measure the parameters of interest. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test the moderation versus mediational hypotheses of gender in the stress-distress relationship. The aggregate levels of psychological distress and depression, anxiety, and obsessive symptoms were significantly higher for women than for men. Five sources of distress were more likely to be reported by women: family problems, inappropriate climatic conditions, anxiety about the future, poor health status, and uncertainty in the present life situation. Men scored higher on three stress-protective factors: the number of reasons for immigration, commitment to the host country, and job adequacy. Results of multiple regression and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) supported the mediation hypothesis that gender differences in psychological distress stem from women's greater exposure to specific psychosocial stressors. Our findings demonstrate the validity of gender as an important mediating mechanism underlying the differential perception of risk factors for the development of psychological distress.
女性心理困扰患病率高于男性的原因尚不清楚。我们试图检验两个假设，即性别在心理社会风险因素与经历的困扰之间，要么起（1）调节作用，要么起（2）中介作用。我们对1062名出生于俄罗斯的成年犹太裔以色列移民进行了一项横断面社区调查。使用人口统计学心理社会量表（DPSI）和塔尔比耶简短困扰量表（TBDI）来测量相关参数。采用单变量和多变量分析来检验性别在压力 - 困扰关系中的调节与中介假设。女性的心理困扰、抑郁、焦虑和强迫症状的总体水平显著高于男性。女性更有可能报告五种困扰来源：家庭问题、不适当的气候条件、对未来的焦虑、健康状况不佳以及当前生活状况的不确定性。男性在三个压力保护因素上得分更高：移民原因的数量、对东道国的承诺以及工作满意度。多元回归和多变量方差分析（MANOVA）的结果支持了中介假设，即心理困扰中的性别差异源于女性更多地暴露于特定的心理社会压力源。我们的研究结果证明了性别作为心理困扰发展风险因素差异感知背后重要中介机制的有效性。
