Izquierdo M, Häkkinen K, Ibañez J, Garrues M, Antón A, Zúñiga A, Larrión J L, Gorostiaga E M
Centro de Investigación y Medicina del Deporte de Navarra, Gobierno de Navarra, 31002 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Apr;90(4):1497-507. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1497.
Effects of 16-wk strength training on maximal strength and power performance of the arm and leg muscles and serum concentrations [testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), and cortisol] were examined in 11 middle-aged (M46; 46 +/- 2 yr) and 11 older men (M64; 64 +/- 2 yr). During the 16-wk training, the relative increases in maximal strength and muscle power output of the arm and leg muscles were significant in both groups (P < 0.05-0.001), with no significant differences between the two groups. The absolute increases were higher (P < 0.01-0.05) in M46 than in M64 mainly during the last 8 wk of training. No significant changes were observed for serum T and FT concentrations. Analysis of covariance showed that, during the 16-wk training period, serum FT concentrations tended to decrease in M64 and increase in M46 (P < 0.05). However, significant correlations between the mean level of individual serum T and FT concentrations and the individual changes in maximal strength were observed in a combined group during the 16-wk training (r = 0.49 and 0.5, respectively; P < 0.05). These data indicate that a prolonged total strength-training program would lead to large gains in maximal strength and power load characteristics of the upper and lower extremity muscles, but the pattern of maximal and power development seemed to differ between the upper and lower extremities in both groups, possibly limited in magnitude because of neuromuscular and/or age-related endocrine impairments.
在11名中年男性（M46；46±2岁）和11名老年男性（M64；64±2岁）中，研究了16周力量训练对上肢和下肢肌肉的最大力量和功率表现以及血清浓度[睾酮（T）、游离睾酮（FT）和皮质醇]的影响。在16周的训练期间，两组上肢和下肢肌肉的最大力量和肌肉功率输出的相对增加均显著（P<0.05 - 0.001），两组之间无显著差异。主要在训练的最后8周，M46组的绝对增加量高于M64组（P<0.01 - 0.05）。血清T和FT浓度未观察到显著变化。协方差分析表明，在16周的训练期间，M64组血清FT浓度有下降趋势，M46组有上升趋势（P<0.05）。然而，在16周训练期间，合并组中个体血清T和FT浓度的平均水平与最大力量的个体变化之间存在显著相关性（r分别为0.49和0.5；P<0.05）。这些数据表明，长期的全面力量训练计划会使上肢和下肢肌肉的最大力量和功率负荷特征有大幅提高，但两组中上肢和下肢的最大力量和功率发展模式似乎有所不同，可能由于神经肌肉和/或年龄相关的内分泌损伤而在幅度上受到限制。
