Hanlon C A, Niezgoda M, Morrill P A, Rupprecht C E
Rabies Section MS-G33, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Vaccine. 2001 Mar 21;19(17-19):2273-9. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00516-8.
Rabies is the most important viral zoonosis from a global perspective. Modern human postexposure prophylaxis consists of potent vaccines and local infiltration of rabies immune globulins (RIGs), but the latter biologicals are not widely available or affordable. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) offer several theoretical advantages over RIGs. To this end, several human and equine RIGS, alone or in combination with vaccine, were investigated for postexposure efficacy in a Syrian hamster model, compared with a single neutralizing murine Mab. Preliminary results suggest that: (1) animal models continue to provide utility as human surrogates in the demonstration of product efficacy against rabies; (2) RIG preparations differ substantially in experimental effectiveness and clearance; and (3) relevant alternatives, such as Mabs, should be pursued for future improvements to human rabies prevention.
从全球角度来看，狂犬病是最重要的病毒性人畜共患病。现代人类暴露后预防措施包括高效疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIGs）的局部浸润，但后一种生物制品并不广泛可得或价格亲民。单克隆抗体（Mabs）相对于RIGs具有若干理论优势。为此，在叙利亚仓鼠模型中，研究了几种人源和马源RIGs单独或与疫苗联合使用时的暴露后疗效，并与一种单克隆中和鼠源抗体进行了比较。初步结果表明：（1）动物模型在证明产品抗狂犬病疗效方面仍可作为人类替代物发挥作用；（2）RIG制剂在实验效果和清除率方面存在很大差异；（3）应寻求相关替代物，如单克隆抗体，以在未来改进人类狂犬病预防措施。
