Ma S, Fey P, Chisholm R L
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Mar 15;1525(3):234-44. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00109-x.
Phagocytosis and membrane traffic in general are largely dependent on the cytoskeleton and their associated molecular motors. The myosin family of motors, especially the unconventional myosins, interact with the actin cortex to facilitate the internalization of external materials during the early steps of phagocytosis. Members of the kinesin and dynein motor families, which mediate transport along microtubules (MTs), facilitate the intracellular processing of the internalized materials and the movement of membrane. Recent studies indicate that some unconventional myosins are also involved in membrane transport, and that the MT- and actin-dependent transport systems might interact with each other. Studies in Dictyostelium have led to the discovery of many motors involved in critical steps of phagocytosis and membrane transport. With the ease of genetic and biochemical approaches, the established functional analysis to test phagocytosis and vesicle transport, and the effort of the Dictyostelium cDNA and Genome Projects, Dictyostelium will continue to be a superb model system to study phagocytosis in particular and cytoskeleton and motors in general.
一般来说，吞噬作用和膜运输在很大程度上依赖于细胞骨架及其相关的分子马达。肌球蛋白家族的马达，尤其是非常规肌球蛋白，在吞噬作用的早期阶段与肌动蛋白皮层相互作用，以促进外部物质的内化。驱动蛋白和动力蛋白家族的成员介导沿微管（MTs）的运输，促进内化物质的细胞内加工和膜的移动。最近的研究表明，一些非常规肌球蛋白也参与膜运输，并且依赖于微管和肌动蛋白的运输系统可能相互作用。对盘基网柄菌的研究导致发现了许多参与吞噬作用和膜运输关键步骤的马达。由于遗传和生化方法简便、已建立了用于测试吞噬作用和囊泡运输的功能分析，以及盘基网柄菌cDNA和基因组计划的努力，盘基网柄菌将继续是一个极好的模型系统，特别是用于研究吞噬作用，以及一般的细胞骨架和马达。
