Jarrard L E
Department of Psychology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450, USA.
Hippocampus. 2001;11(1):43-9. doi: 10.1002/1098-1063(2001)11:1<43::AID-HIPO1018>3.0.CO;2-B.
The four papers in this issue of Hippocampus dealing with retrograde amnesia, together with relevant animal studies in the literature, are reviewed from the perspective of the anatomical location of the lesion and extent of damage to the brain. In order to evaluate the underlying damage in these and related prospective experimental studies, it is necessary to consider both the lesion techniques that were used as well as the care with which the resulting damage was determined. Both temporally graded and flat, ungraded retrograde amnesia have been reported, as well a lack of effects, following damage to structures in the medial temporal area. Most research has centered around damage to the hippocampus, but differences in selectivity of the lesions and behavioral testing procedures preclude any definite conclusions regarding the precise nature of the involvement of this structure. With a greater appreciation for the importance of the locus and extent of the damage, together with the kind of information being processed, it should be possible to obtain a better understanding of the neural substrates underlying retrograde amnesia.
本期《海马体》中四篇关于逆行性遗忘的论文，以及文献中相关的动物研究，从损伤的解剖位置和大脑损伤程度的角度进行了综述。为了评估这些及相关前瞻性实验研究中的潜在损伤，有必要考虑所使用的损伤技术以及确定由此产生的损伤时的谨慎程度。内侧颞叶区域结构受损后，既有时间梯度性的逆行性遗忘，也有平稳、无梯度的逆行性遗忘，还有未产生影响的情况。大多数研究都集中在海马体损伤上，但损伤的选择性和行为测试程序的差异使得关于该结构参与的确切性质无法得出任何明确结论。随着对损伤部位和程度以及所处理信息种类的重要性有了更深刻的认识，应该有可能更好地理解逆行性遗忘背后的神经基质。
