Potter C W, McLaren C, Jennings R
Dev Biol Stand. 1975;28:307-18.
The antibody response and immunity to challenge infection were determined in ferrets immunized with inactivated influenza vaccine in saline or adjuvant. Adjuvanated vaccines induced variable titres of serum antibody, and the degree of immunity to challenge infection was directly related to the titre of serum HI antibody induced by these vaccines. Conventional doses of saline vaccine did not induce serum HI antibody, and the ferrets were completely susceptible to challenge infection. Infection with live virus produced a more solid immunity to challenge infection than immunization with a adjuvant vaccines, even though immunization induced higher titres of serum HI antibody. Ferrets previously infected with a heterotypic influenza A virus, but not other viruses, produced serum HI antibody in response to subsequent immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. Similar results were obtained in hamsters and mice. Thus, the failure of animals to produce antibody in response to immunization with saline inactivated vaccines was due to the absence of a previous priming infection; this prior experience would be a feature of most volunteers. Live virus infection produced nasal antibody in ferrets, but inactivated vaccines only induced serum antibody. This may explain the more solid immunity observed following infection; however, at the time of challenge infection, no nasal wash antibody could be detected. Immunization with inactivated vaccine in Freund's complete adjuvant and influenza virus infection both produced a cell-mediated immune response; thus, the difference in the degree of immunity induced by these two immunization procedures are probably not due to differences in the cell-mediated immune response. However, cell-mediated immunity was measured by skin tests and by macrophage migration inhibition tests with spleen cells; the reaction of cells from the respiratory tract may be more important, but was not measured in these studies.
在用生理盐水或佐剂中的灭活流感疫苗免疫的雪貂中，测定了抗体反应和对攻击感染的免疫力。佐剂疫苗诱导了不同滴度的血清抗体，对攻击感染的免疫程度与这些疫苗诱导的血清血凝抑制（HI）抗体滴度直接相关。常规剂量的生理盐水疫苗未诱导血清HI抗体，雪貂对攻击感染完全易感。与用佐剂疫苗免疫相比，活病毒感染对攻击感染产生了更稳固的免疫力，尽管免疫诱导了更高滴度的血清HI抗体。先前感染过异型甲型流感病毒但未感染其他病毒的雪貂，在随后用灭活流感疫苗免疫时产生了血清HI抗体。在仓鼠和小鼠中也获得了类似结果。因此，动物对生理盐水灭活疫苗免疫无抗体产生是由于缺乏先前的引发感染；这种先前的经历是大多数志愿者的一个特征。活病毒感染在雪貂中产生鼻腔抗体，但灭活疫苗仅诱导血清抗体。这可能解释了感染后观察到的更稳固的免疫力；然而，在攻击感染时，未检测到鼻腔冲洗液抗体。用弗氏完全佐剂中的灭活疫苗免疫和流感病毒感染均产生了细胞介导的免疫反应；因此，这两种免疫程序诱导的免疫程度差异可能不是由于细胞介导的免疫反应不同。然而，细胞介导的免疫是通过皮肤试验和用脾细胞进行的巨噬细胞迁移抑制试验来测量的；呼吸道细胞的反应可能更重要，但在这些研究中未进行测量。
