Helenius A, Aebi M
Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2364-9. doi: 10.1126/science.291.5512.2364.
N-linked oligosaccharides arise when blocks of 14 sugars are added cotranslationally to newly synthesized polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These glycans are then subjected to extensive modification as the glycoproteins mature and move through the ER via the Golgi complex to their final destinations inside and outside the cell. In the ER and in the early secretory pathway, where the repertoire of oligosaccharide structures is still rather small, the glycans play a pivotal role in protein folding, oligomerization, quality control, sorting, and transport. They are used as universal "tags" that allow specific lectins and modifying enzymes to establish order among the diversity of maturing glycoproteins. In the Golgi complex, the glycans acquire more complex structures and a new set of functions. The division of synthesis and processing between the ER and the Golgi complex represents an evolutionary adaptation that allows efficient exploitation of the potential of oligosaccharides.
当14个糖基的糖链在内质网（ER）中与新合成的多肽共翻译添加时，N-连接寡糖就会产生。随着糖蛋白的成熟并通过高尔基体复合体从内质网转运到细胞内外的最终目的地，这些聚糖会经历广泛的修饰。在内质网和早期分泌途径中，寡糖结构的种类仍然相当少，聚糖在蛋白质折叠、寡聚化、质量控制、分选和运输中起着关键作用。它们被用作通用的“标签”，使特定的凝集素和修饰酶能够在成熟糖蛋白的多样性中建立秩序。在高尔基体复合体中，聚糖获得更复杂的结构和一组新的功能。内质网和高尔基体复合体之间合成与加工的分工代表了一种进化适应，能够有效利用寡糖的潜力。
