Pandey A, Szakacs G, Soccol C R, Rodriguez-Leon J A, Soccol V T
Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India.
Bioresour Technol. 2001 May;77(3):203-14. doi: 10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00139-5.
Phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.8) catalyse the release of phosphate from phytate (mycoinositol hexakiphosphate). Several cereal grains, legumes and oilseeds, etc., store phosphorus as phytate. Environmental pollution due to the high-phosphate manure, resulting in the accumulation of P at various locations has raised serious concerns. Phytases appear of significant value in effectively controlling P pollution. They can be produced from a host of sources including plants, animals and micro-organisms. Microbial sources, however, are promising for their commercial exploitations. Strains of Aspergillus sp., chiefly A. ficuum and A. niger have most commonly been employed for industrial purposes. Phytases are considered as a monomeric protein, generally possessing a molecular weight between 40 and 100 kDa. They show broad substrate specificity and have generally pH and temperature optima around 4.5-6.0 and 45-60 degrees C. The crystal structure of phytase has been determined at 2.5 A resolution. Immobilization of phytase has been found to enhance its thermostability. This article reviews recent trends on the production, purification and properties of microbial phytases.
植酸酶（肌醇六磷酸磷酸水解酶，EC 3.1.3.8）催化从植酸盐（肌醇六磷酸）中释放出磷酸盐。几种谷物、豆类和油籽等将磷储存为植酸盐。高磷肥料造成的环境污染导致各地磷的积累，引发了严重关注。植酸酶在有效控制磷污染方面具有重要价值。它们可以从包括植物、动物和微生物在内的多种来源产生。然而，微生物来源在商业开发方面很有前景。曲霉属菌株，主要是泡盛曲霉和黑曲霉，最常用于工业目的。植酸酶被认为是一种单体蛋白，通常分子量在40至100 kDa之间。它们表现出广泛的底物特异性，最适pH值和温度通常分别在4.5 - 6.0和45 - 60摄氏度左右。植酸酶的晶体结构已在2.5埃分辨率下确定。已发现固定化植酸酶可提高其热稳定性。本文综述了微生物植酸酶生产、纯化和性质的最新趋势。
