Pavlik G, Olexó Z, Osváth P, Sidó Z, Frenkl R
Semmelweis University Budapest, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Br J Sports Med. 2001 Apr;35(2):95-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.35.2.95.
Two dimensionally guided M mode and Doppler echocardiographic data for 578 male subjects (106 non-athletic and 472 athletes) were analysed from two aspects: (a) in the young adult category (19--30 years of age), competitors in different groups of sports were studied; (b) in the different age groups (children, 10--14 years; adolescent juniors, 15--18 years; young adults, 19--30 years; adults, 31--44 years; older adults 45--60 years), data for athletes and non-athletes were compared. Morphological variables were related to body size by indices in which the exponents of the numerator and denominator were matched. Morphological signs of athletic heart were most consistently evident in the left ventricular muscle mass: in the young adult group, the highest values were seen in the endurance athletes, followed by the ball game players, sprinters/jumpers, and power athletes. A thicker muscular wall was the main reason for this hypertrophy. Internal diameter was only increased in the endurance athletes, and this increase was more evident in the younger groups. The E/A quotient (ratio of peak velocity during early and late diastole) indicated more effective diastolic function in the endurance athletes. The values for E/A quotient also suggested that regular physical activity at an older age may protect against age dependent impairment of diastolic function.
对578名男性受试者（106名非运动员和472名运动员）的二维引导M型和多普勒超声心动图数据从两个方面进行了分析：(a) 在青年成人组（19 - 30岁）中，研究了不同运动项目组的运动员；(b) 在不同年龄组（儿童，10 - 14岁；青少年，15 - 18岁；青年成人，19 - 30岁；成人，31 - 44岁；老年人，45 - 60岁）中，比较了运动员和非运动员的数据。形态学变量通过分子和分母指数匹配的指数与身体大小相关。运动性心脏的形态学特征在左心室肌肉质量方面最为一致明显：在青年成人组中，耐力运动员的值最高，其次是球类运动员、短跑运动员/跳远运动员和力量型运动员。较厚的肌肉壁是这种肥厚的主要原因。内径仅在耐力运动员中增加，且在较年轻组中这种增加更明显。E/A商（舒张早期和晚期峰值速度之比）表明耐力运动员的舒张功能更有效。E/A商的值还表明，老年时的规律体育活动可能预防与年龄相关的舒张功能损害。
