Agrebi Brahim, Tkatchuk Vladimir, Hlila Nawel, Mouelhi Emna, Belhani Ali
Department of team sports, Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Saïd, Manouba. Tunis, Tunisia.
Department of biological bases of physical training and sport disciplines. National University of Pedagogy Dragomanov M.P., Kiev, Ukraine.
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 2;10(12):e0143609. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143609. eCollection 2015.
Handball activity involves cardiac changes and demands a mixture of both eccentric and concentric remodeling within the heart. This study seeks to explore heart performance and cardiac remodeling likely to define cardiac parameters which influence specific performance in male handball players across different age ranges. Forty three players, with a regular training and competitive background in handball separated into three groups aged on average 11.78 ± 0.41 for youth players aka "schools", "elite juniors" 15.99 ± 0.81 and "elite adults" 24.46 ± 2.63 years, underwent echocardiography and ECG examinations. Incremental ergocycle and specific field (SFT) tests have also been conducted. With age and regular training and competition, myocardial remodeling in different age ranges exhibit significant differences in dilatation's parameters between "schools" and "juniors" players, such as the end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and the end-systolic diameter of the left ventricle (LVESD), the root of aorta (Ao) and left atrial (LA), while significant increase is observed between "juniors" and "adults" players in the interventricular septum (IVS), the posterior wall thicknesses (PWT) and LV mass index. ECG changes are also noted but NS differences were observed in studied parameters. For incremental maximal test, players demonstrate a significant increase in duration and total work between "schools" and "juniors" and, in total work only, between "juniors" and "seniors". The SFT shows improvement in performance which ranged between 26.17 ± 1.83 sec to 31.23 ± 2.34 sec respectively from "seniors" to "schools". The cross-sectional approach used to compare groups with prior hypothesis that there would be differences in exercise performance and cardiac parameters depending on duration of prior handball practice, leads to point out the early cardiac remodeling within the heart as adaptive change. Prevalence of cardiac chamber dilation with less hypertrophy remodeling was found from "schools" to "juniors" while a prevalence of cardiac hypertrophy with less pronounced chamber dilation remodeling was noted later.
手球运动涉及心脏变化，需要心脏进行离心和向心重塑。本研究旨在探索心脏性能和心脏重塑，这些可能会确定影响不同年龄段男性手球运动员特定表现的心脏参数。43名有手球常规训练和比赛背景的运动员被分为三组，青少年组（即“学校组”）平均年龄11.78±0.41岁，“精英青少年组”平均年龄15.99±0.81岁，“精英成年组”平均年龄24.46±2.63岁，他们接受了超声心动图和心电图检查。还进行了递增式功率自行车和特定场地（SFT）测试。随着年龄增长以及进行常规训练和比赛，不同年龄组的心肌重塑在“学校组”和“青少年组”运动员之间的扩张参数上表现出显著差异，如左心室舒张末期直径（LVEDD）和左心室收缩末期直径（LVESD）、主动脉根部（Ao）和左心房（LA），而在“青少年组”和“成年组”运动员之间，室间隔（IVS）、后壁厚度（PWT）和左心室质量指数有显著增加。心电图也有变化，但在研究参数中未观察到显著差异。对于递增最大测试，运动员在“学校组”和“青少年组”之间的持续时间和总工作量有显著增加，且仅在总工作量方面，“青少年组”和“成年组”之间有显著增加。SFT显示表现有所改善，从“成年组”到“学校组”，时间分别从26.17±1.83秒到31.23±2.34秒不等。采用横断面方法比较各组，并预先假设根据先前手球练习的时长，运动表现和心脏参数会存在差异，这使得我们指出心脏内早期的心脏重塑是一种适应性变化。从“学校组”到“青少年组”发现心脏腔扩张且肥大重塑较少的情况较为普遍，而后来则注意到心脏肥大且腔扩张重塑不太明显的情况较为普遍。
