Calabrese E J, Baldwin L A
School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Environmental Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-5712, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2001;22:15-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.15.
The occurrence of U-shaped dose-response relationships (often termed hormesis) has been documented in numerous biological, toxicological, and pharmacological investigations. Many of the endpoints studied are of considerable significance to public health (e.g. body weight, cholesterol levels, ethanol consumption, longevity, cancer incidence, etc). Despite the fact that U-shaped dose-responses are widely and independently observed, little attempt has been made to assess this phenomenon in an integrative manner. This review provides an overview of the historical foundations of hormesis and a discussion of its definition within a mechanistic framework. The occurrence, generalizability, and biological significance of U-shaped dose-response relationships along with the concept of biological optimality are addressed.
U形剂量反应关系（通常称为兴奋效应）的出现已在众多生物学、毒理学和药理学研究中得到记录。许多所研究的终点指标对公众健康具有相当重要的意义（例如体重、胆固醇水平、乙醇摄入量、寿命、癌症发病率等）。尽管U形剂量反应被广泛且独立地观察到，但几乎没有人尝试以综合的方式评估这一现象。本综述概述了兴奋效应的历史基础，并在一个机制框架内讨论了其定义。探讨了U形剂量反应关系的发生、普遍性和生物学意义以及生物学最优性的概念。
