Sladky K K, Swanson C R, Stoskopf M K, Loomis M R, Lewbart G A
Environmental Medicine Consortium, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2001 Mar;62(3):337-42. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.337.
To compare the anesthetic efficacy and physiologic changes associated with exposure to tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil (100% eugenol).
15 adult cultured red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus).
Fish were exposed to each of 6 anesthetic concentrations in a within-subjects complete crossover design. Stages of anesthesia and recovery were measured, and physiologic data were collected before and during anesthesia.
Interval to induction was more rapid and recovery more prolonged in fish exposed to eugenol, compared with those exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate. The margin of safety for eugenol was narrow, because at the highest concentration, most fish required resuscitation. Mixed venous-arterial PO2 consistently decreased with anesthesia, while PCO2 consistently increased with anesthesia in all fish regardless of anesthetic agent. The increase in PCO2 was accompanied by a decrease in pH, presumably secondary to respiratory acidosis. Anesthesia was associated with increased blood glucose, potassium, and sodium concentrations as well as Hct and hemoglobin. Fish anesthetized with eugenol were more likely to react to a hypodermic needle puncture than fish anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate.
Anesthesia induced with tricaine methanesulfonate or eugenol contributes to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, and hyperglycemia in red pacu. Similar to tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol appears to be an effective immobilization compound, but eugenol is characterized by more rapid induction, prolonged recovery, and a narrow margin of safety. Care must be taken when using high concentrations of eugenol for induction, because ventilatory failure may occur rapidly. In addition, analgesic properties of eugenol are unknown.
比较甲磺酸三卡因和丁香油（100%丁香酚）麻醉效果及相关生理变化。
15条成年养殖红腹食人鱼（短盖肥脂鲤）。
采用受试者内完全交叉设计，使鱼暴露于6种麻醉浓度中。测量麻醉和恢复阶段，并在麻醉前和麻醉期间收集生理数据。
与暴露于甲磺酸三卡因的鱼相比，暴露于丁香酚的鱼诱导间隔更快，恢复时间更长。丁香酚的安全范围较窄，因为在最高浓度时，大多数鱼需要复苏。无论使用何种麻醉剂，所有鱼在麻醉时混合静脉 - 动脉血氧分压持续下降，而二氧化碳分压持续升高。二氧化碳分压升高伴随pH值下降，推测继发于呼吸性酸中毒。麻醉与血糖、钾、钠浓度以及血细胞比容和血红蛋白升高有关。与用甲磺酸三卡因麻醉的鱼相比，用丁香酚麻醉的鱼对皮下注射针头穿刺更易产生反应。
甲磺酸三卡因或丁香酚诱导的麻醉会导致红腹食人鱼出现低氧血症、高碳酸血症、呼吸性酸中毒和高血糖。与甲磺酸三卡因类似，丁香酚似乎是一种有效的固定化合物，但丁香酚的特点是诱导更快、恢复时间更长且安全范围较窄。使用高浓度丁香酚诱导时必须小心，因为可能会迅速发生通气衰竭。此外，丁香酚的镇痛特性尚不清楚。
