McNamara D S, Scott J L
Psychology Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2001 Jan;29(1):10-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03195736.
In this study, we examine the role of strategy use in working memory (WM) tasks by providing short-term memory (STM) task strategy training to participants. In Experiment 1, the participants received four sessions of training to use a story-formation (i.e., chaining) strategy. There were substantial improvements from pretest to posttest (after training) in terms of both STM and WM task performance. Experiment 2 demonstrated that WM task improvement did not occur for control participants, who were given the same amount of practice but were not provided with strategy instructions. An assessment of participants' strategy use on the STM task before training indicated that more strategic participants displayed better WM task performance and better verbal skills. These results support our hypothesis that strategy use influences performance on WM tasks.
在本研究中，我们通过为参与者提供短期记忆（STM）任务策略训练，来考察策略运用在工作记忆（WM）任务中的作用。在实验1中，参与者接受了四节使用故事构建（即连锁）策略的训练课程。从预测试到后测试（训练后），STM和WM任务表现均有显著提高。实验2表明，对于给予相同练习量但未接受策略指导的对照组参与者，WM任务没有得到改善。对训练前参与者在STM任务上的策略运用评估表明，策略性更强的参与者表现出更好的WM任务成绩和更强的语言技能。这些结果支持了我们的假设，即策略运用会影响WM任务的表现。
