Higgins E T
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, Schermerhorn Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Am Psychol. 2000 Nov;55(11):1217-30.
The classic answer to what makes a decision good concerns outcomes. A good decision has high outcome benefits (it is worthwhile) and low outcome costs (it is worth it). I propose that, independent of outcomes or value from worth, people experience a regulatory fit when they use goal pursuit means that fit their regulatory orientation, and this regulatory fit increases the value of what they are doing. The following postulates of this value from fit proposal are examined: (a) People will be more inclined toward goal means that have higher regulatory fit, (b) people's motivation during goal pursuit will be stronger when regulatory fit is higher, (c) people's (prospective) feelings about a choice they might make will be more positive for a desirable choice and more negative for an undesirable choice when regulatory fit is higher, (d) people's (retrospective) evaluations of past decisions or goal pursuits will be more positive when regulatory fit was higher, and (e) people will assign higher value to an object that was chosen with higher regulatory fit. Studies testing each of these postulates support the value-from-fit proposal. How value from fit can enhance or diminish the value of goal pursuits and the quality of life itself is discussed.
关于如何做出一个好决策，传统的答案涉及结果。一个好的决策具有高结果收益（它是值得的）和低结果成本（它是划算的）。我提出，无论结果或价值与值得与否如何，当人们采用与自身调节定向相匹配的目标追求手段时，他们会体验到一种调节匹配，并且这种调节匹配会增加他们所做之事的价值。本文将审视这一匹配价值提议的以下假设：（a）人们会更倾向于采用具有更高调节匹配度的目标手段；（b）当调节匹配度更高时，人们在目标追求过程中的动机将更强；（c）当调节匹配度更高时，人们对可能做出的选择（预期）的感受，对于合意的选择会更积极，对于不合意的选择会更消极；（d）当调节匹配度更高时，人们对过去决策或目标追求（回顾性）的评价会更积极；（e）人们会赋予通过更高调节匹配度做出选择的对象更高的价值。检验这些假设的研究均支持匹配价值提议。本文还将讨论匹配价值如何增强或削弱目标追求的价值以及生活本身的质量。
